PMID- 25177248
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140901
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1318-2099 (Print)
IS  - 1581-3207 (Electronic)
IS  - 1318-2099 (Linking)
VI  - 48
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Sep
TI  - MRI to delineate the gross tumor volume of nasopharyngeal cancers: which 
      sequences and planes should be used?
PG  - 323-30
LID - 10.2478/raon-2014-0013 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been found to be better than 
      computed tomography for defining the extent of primary gross tumor volume (GTV) 
      in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer. It is routinely applied for target delineation 
      in planning radiotherapy. However, the specific MRI sequences/planes that should 
      be used are unknown. METHODS: Twelve patients with nasopharyngeal cancer 
      underwent primary GTV evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced axial T1 weighted image 
      (T1) and T2 weighted image (T2), coronal T1, and sagittal T1 sequences. Each 
      sequence was registered with the planning computed tomography scans. Planning 
      target volumes (PTVs) were derived by uniform expansions of the GTVs. The volumes 
      encompassed by the various sequences/planes, and the volumes common to all 
      sequences/planes, were compared quantitatively and anatomically to the volume 
      delineated by the commonly used axial T1-based dataset. RESULTS: Addition of the 
      axial T2 sequence increased the axial T1-based GTV by 12% on average (p = 0.004), 
      and composite evaluations that included the coronal T1 and sagittal T1 planes 
      increased the axial T1-based GTVs by 30% on average (p = 0.003). The axial 
      T1-based PTVs were increased by 20% by the additional sequences (p = 0.04). Each 
      sequence/plane added unique volume extensions. The GTVs common to all the T1 
      planes accounted for 38% of the total volumes of all the T1 planes. Anatomically, 
      addition of the coronal and sagittal-based GTVs extended the axial T1-based GTV 
      caudally and cranially, notably to the base of the skull. CONCLUSIONS: Adding MRI 
      planes and sequences to the traditional axial T1 sequence yields significant 
      quantitative and anatomically important extensions of the GTVs and PTVs. For 
      accurate target delineation in nasopharyngeal cancer, we recommend that GTVs be 
      outlined in all MRI sequences/planes and registered with the planning computed 
      tomography scans.
FAU - Popovtzer, Aron
AU  - Popovtzer A
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
FAU - Ibrahim, Mohannad
AU  - Ibrahim M
AD  - Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
FAU - Tatro, Daniel
AU  - Tatro D
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
FAU - Feng, Felix Y
AU  - Feng FY
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
FAU - Ten Haken, Randall K
AU  - Ten Haken RK
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
FAU - Eisbruch, Avraham
AU  - Eisbruch A
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 CA059827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140710
PL  - Poland
TA  - Radiol Oncol
JT  - Radiology and oncology
JID - 9317213
PMC - PMC4110090
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - MRI
OT  - gross tumor volume
OT  - nasopharyngeal cancer
OT  - radiotherapy
EDAT- 2014/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/02 06:01
PMCR- 2014/09/01
CRDT- 2014/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/02 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - rado-48-03-323 [pii]
AID - 10.2478/raon-2014-0013 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Radiol Oncol. 2014 Jul 10;48(3):323-30. doi: 10.2478/raon-2014-0013. eCollection 
      2014 Sep.