PMID- 25181914
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141030
LR  - 20191113
IS  - 0001-5385 (Print)
IS  - 0001-5385 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure in North India.
PG  - 391-8
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence shows that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be 
      important in the assessment of severity and prognosis in congestive heart failure 
      (CHF). In the present study, we examine the association of cytokines with causes, 
      grade and prognosis of CHF patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of 127 patients with 
      CHF, 11 were excluded and the remaining 116 patients with different aetiologies 
      of CHF, and 250 age- and sex-matched control subjects, were evaluated in this 
      case study. Severity of disease based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) 
      standards, fell within functional classes II to IV. The diagnosis of HF was based 
      on clinical manifestations as well as on echocardiographic heart enlargement. 
      Cytokines were measured by chemiluminescence. Causes of death were assessed based 
      on death certificates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to 
      determine the risk factors of heart failure. RESULTS: Echocardiographic ejection 
      fraction was 39.1 +/- 8.2% (mean +/- SD) in the study group indicating class 
      II-IV heart failure. Laboratory data showed increase in biomarkers of oxidative 
      stress, among HF patients compared to healthy subjects. Pro-inflammatory 
      cytokines; IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly higher among HF patients 
      compared to healthy subjects. TNF-alpha and IL-6, showed significant increase 
      among patients with CHF due to ischaemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy 
      compared to levels among CHF patients with valvular heart disease and 
      hypertensive heart diseases. The levels of the cytokines were significantly 
      higher among patients with class III and IV heart failure and those who died, 
      compared to patients with class II heart failure. Multivariate logistic 
      regression analysis revealed that CAD, cardiomyopathy, and IL-6 were strongly 
      associated--and low ejection fraction and TNF-alpha--weakly associated with HF. 
      Of 116 patients, 20 (17.2%) died during a follow-up of two years, and the deaths 
      were mainly among NYHA class III and IV patients in whom the cause of CHF was CAD 
      (10.9%) and cardiomyopathy (6.9%) which had greater levels of cytokines. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that pro-inflammatory cytokines may be 
      important indicators of causes, severity of CHF and prognosis among these 
      patients.
FAU - Fedacko, Jan
AU  - Fedacko J
FAU - Singh, Ram B
AU  - Singh RB
FAU - Gupta, Aditya
AU  - Gupta A
FAU - Hristova, Krasimira
AU  - Hristova K
FAU - Toda, Eri
AU  - Toda E
FAU - Kumar, Adarsh
AU  - Kumar A
FAU - Saxena, Manoj
AU  - Saxena M
FAU - Baby, Anjum
AU  - Baby A
FAU - Singh, Ranjana
AU  - Singh R
FAU - Toru, Takahashi
AU  - Toru T
FAU - Wilson, Douglas W
AU  - Wilson DW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Acta Cardiol
JT  - Acta cardiologica
JID - 0370570
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Heart Failure/*blood/*diagnosis/mortality
MH  - Humans
MH  - India
MH  - Interleukin-6/*blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*blood
EDAT- 2014/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/10/31 06:00
CRDT- 2014/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/10/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/ac.69.4.3036655 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Cardiol. 2014 Aug;69(4):391-8. doi: 10.1080/ac.69.4.3036655.