PMID- 25183267
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150716
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1423-0127 (Electronic)
IS  - 1021-7770 (Print)
IS  - 1021-7770 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Sep 3
TI  - Flavonoid ingredients of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract regulate lipid metabolism 
      through Sp1-mediated carnitine palmitoyltranferase 1A up-regulation.
PG  - 87
LID - 10.1186/s12929-014-0087-x [doi]
LID - 87
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lipid accumulation is the primary evidence of non-alcoholic fatty 
      liver disease (NAFLD). Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and its flavonoid ingredients 
      (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) could lessen the lipid accumulation 
      associated with up-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme, carnitine 
      palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), in the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In 
      this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which GBE and its flavonoids 
      induced expression of CPT1A. RESULTS: CPT1A inhibition with RNAi resulted in 
      triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. Through deletion and mutation analysis 
      of CPT1A's promoter combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and 
      chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments, the CPT1A promoter region (-50 
      to -5 nt) was determined to contain two putative Sp1 binding sites, namely Sp1a 
      and Sp1b, which might act as the GBE regulation response DNA element. Sp1 might 
      be induced to transfer from cytoplasma to nucleus to bind the promoter region of 
      -50 to -5 nt by GBE. The regulatory effects of GBE on CPT1A were also verified on 
      the flavonoid ingredients quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. CONCLUSION: 
      Sp1 was crucial in regulating CPT1A expression with GBE and its flavonoid 
      ingredients, and the -50 to -5 nt region of CPT1A promoter played important roles 
      in Sp1 binding.
FAU - Wei, Ting
AU  - Wei T
AD  - Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai 
      University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. ting_life@126.com.
AD  - Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering 
      Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. ting_life@126.com.
FAU - Xiong, Fei-fei
AU  - Xiong FF
AD  - School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. 
      f_ashley@163.com.
AD  - Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering 
      Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. f_ashley@163.com.
FAU - Wang, Shi-dong
AU  - Wang SD
AD  - Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai 
      University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. sdwang@wayenbio.com.
AD  - Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering 
      Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. sdwang@wayenbio.com.
FAU - Wang, Ke
AU  - Wang K
AD  - Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering 
      Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. wangke8430@163.com.
FAU - Zhang, Yong-yu
AU  - Zhang YY
AD  - Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai 
      University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. dryyz@sina.com.
FAU - Zhang, Qing-hua
AU  - Zhang QH
AD  - Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai 
      University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. 
      qhzhang@wayenbio.com.
AD  - School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. 
      qhzhang@wayenbio.com.
AD  - Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering 
      Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. qhzhang@wayenbio.com.
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, 
      Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 
      China. qhzhang@wayenbio.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140903
PL  - England
TA  - J Biomed Sci
JT  - Journal of biomedical science
JID - 9421567
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Sp1 Transcription Factor)
RN  - 0 (SP1 protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.21 (CPT1A protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.21 (Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
MH  - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
MH  - Flavonoids/*pharmacology
MH  - Ginkgo biloba/*chemistry
MH  - Hep G2 Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipid Metabolism/*drug effects
MH  - Plant Extracts/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Leaves/chemistry
MH  - RNA Interference
MH  - Sp1 Transcription Factor/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation/*drug effects
PMC - PMC4428510
EDAT- 2014/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/17 06:00
PMCR- 2014/09/03
CRDT- 2014/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s12929-014-0087-x [pii]
AID - 87 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12929-014-0087-x [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Biomed Sci. 2014 Sep 3;21(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12929-014-0087-x.