PMID- 25189678
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150622
LR  - 20141004
IS  - 0035-3787 (Print)
IS  - 0035-3787 (Linking)
VI  - 170
IP  - 10
DP  - 2014 Oct
TI  - Immune system's role in viral encephalitis.
PG  - 577-83
LID - S0035-3787(14)00905-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.07.005 [doi]
AB  - Viral infections can be a major thread for the central nervous system (CNS), 
      therefore, the immune system must be able to mount a highly proportionate immune 
      response, not too weak, which would allow the virus to proliferate, but not too 
      strong either, to avoid collateral damages. Here, we aim at reviewing the 
      immunological mechanisms involved in the host defense in viral CNS infections. 
      First, we review the specificities of the innate as well as the adaptive immune 
      responses in the CNS, using several examples of various viral encephalitis. Then, 
      we focus on three different modes of interactions between viruses and immune 
      responses, namely human Herpes virus-1 encephalitis with the defect in innate 
      immune response which favors this disease; JC virus-caused progressive multifocal 
      leukoencephalopathy and the crucial role of adaptive immune response in this 
      example; and finally, HIV infection with the accompanying low grade chronic 
      inflammation in the CNS in some patients, which may be an explanation for the 
      presence of cognitive disorders, even in some well-treated HIV-infected patients. 
      We also emphasize that, although the immune response is generally associated with 
      viral replication control and limited cellular death, an exaggerated inflammatory 
      reaction can lead to tissue damage and can be detrimental for the host, a feature 
      of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We will briefly 
      address the indication of steroids in this situation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
FAU - Spatola, M
AU  - Spatola M
AD  - Service of Neurology, BH.10.131, Bugnon 44, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Du Pasquier, R A
AU  - Du Pasquier RA
AD  - Service of Neurology, BH.10.131, Bugnon 44, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland; 
      Laboratory of neuro-immunology, Centre of clinical neurosciences, Department of 
      Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), rue du Bugnon 46, 
      1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Renaud.Du-Pasquier@chuv.ch.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140902
PL  - France
TA  - Rev Neurol (Paris)
JT  - Revue neurologique
JID - 2984779R
SB  - IM
MH  - Central Nervous System/immunology
MH  - Encephalitis, Viral/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/*immunology
MH  - Immunity, Innate
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Central nervous system
OT  - Encephalite herpetique a HSV-1
OT  - HIV
OT  - HSV-1 encephalitis
OT  - Immune surveillance
OT  - Leucoencephalopathie multifocale progressive
OT  - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
OT  - Surveillance immunitaire
OT  - Systeme nerveux central
OT  - VIH
EDAT- 2014/09/06 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2014/09/06 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/09/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0035-3787(14)00905-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.07.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rev Neurol (Paris). 2014 Oct;170(10):577-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.07.005. 
      Epub 2014 Sep 2.