PMID- 25212265
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150203
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 134
DP  - 2014 Oct
TI  - Association between hospital discharge rate for female breast cancer and 
      residence in a zip code containing hazardous waste sites.
PG  - 375-81
LID - S0013-9351(14)00227-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.005 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Exposure to chemicals plays a role in risk of breast cancer. However, 
      possible associations between risk of breast cancer and residential proximity to 
      hazardous waste sites (HWSs) have not been reported. METHODS: We determined rates 
      of hospital discharge with a diagnosis of female breast cancer in relation to 
      residence in a zip code containing HWSs in New York State (NYS) after adjustment 
      for ethnicity, age, income and urbanicity. Waste exposure was assessed by both 
      the number of waste sites and the type of contaminants. Negative binomial 
      regression was used to test the associations. RESULTS: After controlling for 
      confounders, the hospital discharge rate of breast cancer for women living in zip 
      codes having four or more HWSs or in zip codes having one HWS increased 
      significantly (at the 0.05 level) by 9.1% and 6.4%, as compared to those living 
      in a zip code with no HWS. The association for women living in zip codes having 
      two or three HWSs was not significant. This indicates that the extent of exposure 
      cannot be assessed solely by the number of waste sites. The discharge rate for 
      women living in zip codes containing at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) 
      waste site was significantly increased 5.6% as compared to those living in a zip 
      code without any HWS, while the increases were not significant for women living 
      in zip codes containing waste sites with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) or 
      other contaminants. The significant associations were stronger for African 
      American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized than in rural areas. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Residence within a geographic area (defined by zip codes) that 
      includes a hazardous waste site with VOCs is significantly associated with an 
      increased rate of hospitalization for breast cancer, and the association is 
      stronger for African American than Caucasian women and stronger in more urbanized 
      than in rural areas after adjustment for the confounders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lu, Xiaoxia
AU  - Lu X
AD  - Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental 
      Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Health and the 
      Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, A217, Rensselaer, New York 
      12144, USA. Electronic address: luxx@urban.pku.edu.cn.
FAU - Lessner, Lawrence
AU  - Lessner L
AD  - Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University 
      Place, A217, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA. Electronic address: 
      lessner2011@gmail.com.
FAU - Carpenter, David O
AU  - Carpenter DO
AD  - Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University 
      Place, A217, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA. Electronic address: 
      dcarpenter@albany.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140914
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Waste)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - *Environmental Exposure
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hazardous Waste
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - New York
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - African-Americans
OT  - Breast cancer
OT  - Persistent organic compounds
OT  - Volatile organic compounds
OT  - Zip codes
EDAT- 2014/09/13 06:00
MHDA- 2015/02/04 06:00
CRDT- 2014/09/13 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/09/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/02/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0013-9351(14)00227-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2014 Oct;134:375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.005. Epub 2014 
      Sep 14.