PMID- 25222664
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150716
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1536-4844 (Electronic)
IS  - 1078-0998 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 12
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Matrix metalloproteases role in bowel inflammation and inflammatory bowel 
      disease: an up to date review.
PG  - 2379-93
LID - 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000163 [doi]
AB  - There has been an explosion of literature in recent years highlighting the 
      pivotal role of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in the immune response. This 
      review will focus on our current understanding of MMPs in the gastrointestinal 
      tract and in particular the field of inflammatory bowel disease. MMPs are 
      structurally similar proteins that classically degrade extracellular components. 
      In the gastrointestinal tract, they are involved in the physical maintenance and 
      turnover of the intestinal barrier, aid in leukocyte recruitment, regulate the 
      activity of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. During inflammation, 
      numerous MMPs are upregulated in the bowel and play a key role in the resolution 
      of inflammation and wound healing during the normal immune response. In humans, 
      an aberrant expression has been extensively documented in inflammatory bowel 
      disease implicating them in tissue degradation, persistence of the inflammatory 
      state and fibrosis. Animal studies in particular knockout mouse models have 
      provided insight into the importance of individual MMPs in bowel homeostasis and 
      inflammation. Endogenous inhibitors of MMPs such as tissue inhibitors of MMPs 
      (TIMPs) and alpha-2 macroglobulin maintain the balance between extracellular 
      matrix deposition and degradation. An imbalance between MMPs and their inhibitors 
      through genetic variation, gene expression abnormalities, or environmental 
      effects can directly impact on tissue homeostasis resulting in tissue damage and 
      prolonged inflammation. In the future, targeting MMPs or their inhibitors could 
      be a possible therapeutic option. The challenge will be achieving selectivity.
FAU - O'Shea, Nuala R
AU  - O'Shea NR
AD  - *Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom; 
      daggerDepartment of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital, London, 
      United Kingdom; and double daggerDepartment of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, 
      University College London, London, United Kingdom.
FAU - Smith, Andrew M
AU  - Smith AM
LA  - eng
GR  - G0902005/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - MR/L000261/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Inflamm Bowel Dis
JT  - Inflammatory bowel diseases
JID - 9508162
RN  - EC 3.4.24.- (Matrix Metalloproteinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*enzymology/*physiopathology
MH  - Matrix Metalloproteinases/*metabolism
MH  - Mice
EDAT- 2014/09/16 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/09/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000163 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Dec;20(12):2379-93. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000163.