PMID- 25225757
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141118
LR  - 20220309
IS  - 1175-8716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-8446 (Linking)
VI  - 127
IP  - 1401
DP  - 2014 Aug 29
TI  - Estimated infant intake of persistent organic pollutants through breast milk in 
      New Zealand.
PG  - 56-68
AB  - AIM: To estimate average infant daily intake of chlorinated persistent organic 
      pollutants (POPs) through the consumption of breast milk in New Zealand. METHOD: 
      Breast milk of 39 first-time mothers aged 20-30 years was collected during 
      2007-2010 and analysed for persistent organic pollutants including dioxin-like 
      compounds and organochlorine pesticides. The quantity of POPs consumed by infants 
      assuming exclusive breast feeding was estimated by calculating the Estimated 
      Daily Intake (EDI) expressed as amount consumed through breast milk per kilogram 
      of body weight per day. RESULTS: Of all POPs quantified, the EDI of DDT 
      (principally in the form of its metabolite p,p'-DDE) was the highest (1.6 
      mcg/kg/day), and above the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.5 mcg/kg/day. The 
      mean EDI for dioxin-like compounds (including PCDD/Fs and PCBs) was 19.7 pg 
      TEQ(toxic equivalency)/kg/day, which is among the lowest reported worldwide, yet 
      above the TDI of 1 pg TEQ/kg/day. The EDI of HCH, HCB, dieldrin, heptachlor and 
      mirex were 32.9, 37.9, 39.4, 2.0, and 0.9 ng/kg/day respectively, all of which 
      were below the current TDI. Age of the mother was positively associated with 
      higher EDIs for the infant, particularly for total-TEQ and total-DDT. CONCLUISON: 
      Infant daily intakes of chlorinated POPs through breast milk estimated for New 
      Zealand are low or average by international comparison, and 5 times lower than 25 
      years ago. Future breast milk monitoring will determine whether this diminishing 
      trend is continuing as well as providing monitoring information on other POPs.
FAU - 't Mannetje, Andrea
AU  - 't Mannetje A
AD  - Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington Campus, Private 
      Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand. a.mannetje@massey.ac.nz.
FAU - Coakley, Jonathan
AU  - Coakley J
FAU - Bridgen, Phil
AU  - Bridgen P
FAU - Smith, Allan H
AU  - Smith AH
FAU - Read, Deborah
AU  - Read D
FAU - Pearce, Neil
AU  - Pearce N
FAU - Douwes, Jeroen
AU  - Douwes J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140829
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - N Z Med J
JT  - The New Zealand medical journal
JID - 0401067
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Body Burden
MH  - Environmental Illness/chemically induced/*diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - New Zealand/epidemiology
MH  - Organic Chemicals/adverse effects/*analysis
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2014/09/17 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/19 06:00
CRDT- 2014/09/17 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/19 06:00 [medline]
PST - epublish
SO  - N Z Med J. 2014 Aug 29;127(1401):56-68.