PMID- 25236726
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210319
IS  - 2190-5215 (Print)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2014
TI  - Adenosine and glutamate in neuroglial interaction: implications for circadian 
      disorders and alcoholism.
PG  - 103-19
LID - 10.1007/978-3-319-08894-5_6 [doi]
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that the function of glia is not restricted to 
      the support of neuronal function. In fact, astrocytes are essential for neuronal 
      activity in the brain and play an important role in the regulation of complex 
      behavior. Astrocytes actively participate in synapse formation and brain 
      information processing by releasing and uptaking glutamate, D-serine, adenosine 
      5'-triphosphate (ATP), and adenosine. In the central nervous system, 
      adenosine-mediated neuronal activity modulates the actions of other 
      neurotransmitter systems. Adenosinergic fine-tuning of the glutamate system in 
      particular has been shown to regulate circadian rhythmicity and sleep, as well as 
      alcohol-related behavior and drinking. Adenosine gates both photic 
      (light-induced) glutamatergic and nonphotic (alerting) input to the circadian 
      clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Astrocytic, 
      SNARE-mediated ATP release provides the extracellular adenosine that drives 
      homeostatic sleep. Acute ethanol increases extracellular adenosine, which 
      mediates the ataxic and hypnotic/sedative effects of alcohol, while chronic 
      ethanol leads to downregulated adenosine signaling that underlies insomnia, a 
      major predictor of relapse. Studies using mice lacking the equilibrative 
      nucleoside transporter 1 have illuminated how adenosine functions through 
      neuroglial interactions involving glutamate uptake transporter GLT-1 [referred to 
      as excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human] and possibly water 
      channel aquaporin 4 to regulate ethanol sensitivity, reward-related motivational 
      processes, and alcohol intake.
FAU - Ruby, Christina L
AU  - Ruby CL
AD  - Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, 15705, 
      USA, Christina.Ruby@iup.edu.
FAU - O'Connor, Katheryn M
AU  - O'Connor KM
FAU - Ayers-Ringler, Jennifer
AU  - Ayers-Ringler J
FAU - Choi, Doo-Sup
AU  - Choi DS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Adv Neurobiol
JT  - Advances in neurobiology
JID - 101571545
SB  - IM
EDAT- 2014/09/23 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/23 06:01
CRDT- 2014/09/20 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/23 06:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/978-3-319-08894-5_6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Adv Neurobiol. 2014;11:103-19. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-08894-5_6.