PMID- 25238998
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150720
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1878-9307 (Electronic)
IS  - 1878-9293 (Print)
IS  - 1878-9293 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - Easy to remember, difficult to forget: the development of fear regulation.
PG  - 42-55
LID - S1878-9293(14)00048-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.006 [doi]
AB  - Fear extinction learning is a highly adaptive process that involves the integrity 
      of frontolimbic circuitry. Its disruption has been associated with emotional 
      dysregulation in stress and anxiety disorders. In this article we consider how 
      age, genetics and experiences shape our capacity to regulate fear in 
      cross-species studies. Evidence for adolescent-specific diminished fear 
      extinction learning is presented in the context of immature frontolimbic 
      circuitry. We also present evidence for less neural plasticity in fear regulation 
      as a function of early-life stress and by genotype, focusing on the common brain 
      derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism. Finally, we discuss 
      this work in the context of exposure-based behavioral therapies for the treatment 
      of anxiety and stress disorders that are based on principles of fear extinction. 
      We conclude by speculating on how such therapies may be optimized for the 
      individual based on the patient's age, genetic profile and personal history to 
      move from standard treatment of care to personalized and precision medicine.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Johnson, D C
AU  - Johnson DC
AD  - Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Sackler Institute for Developmental 
      Psychobiology, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: 
      dcj2002@med.cornell.edu.
FAU - Casey, B J
AU  - Casey BJ
AD  - Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Sackler Institute for Developmental 
      Psychobiology, New York, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: 
      bjc2002@med.cornell.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P50 MH079513/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 EY007138/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 5T32EY007138/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20140804
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Dev Cogn Neurosci
JT  - Developmental cognitive neuroscience
JID - 101541838
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 7171WSG8A2 (BDNF protein, human)
RN  - AE28F7PNPL (Methionine)
RN  - HG18B9YRS7 (Valine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/*physiopathology/*psychology/therapy
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics
MH  - *Fear/physiology/psychology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhibition, Psychological
MH  - Learning/physiology
MH  - *Mental Recall
MH  - Methionine
MH  - *Neuronal Plasticity/genetics
MH  - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Valine
PMC - PMC4497537
MID - NIHMS629223
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adolescence
OT  - Amygdala
OT  - CBT
OT  - Extinction
OT  - Fear
OT  - Reconsolidation
EDAT- 2014/09/23 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/21 06:00
PMCR- 2014/08/04
CRDT- 2014/09/21 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/09/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/08/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1878-9293(14)00048-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Feb;11:42-55. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.006. Epub 2014 
      Aug 4.