PMID- 25265230
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150601
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1473-5571 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-9370 (Print)
IS  - 0269-9370 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 16
DP  - 2014 Oct 23
TI  - Opportunistic infections and AIDS malignancies early after initiating combination 
      antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries.
PG  - 2461-73
LID - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000456 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events 
      which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune 
      reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy 
      (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex 
      (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal 
      leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, 
      non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis. METHODS: We 
      identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from 
      six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, 
      antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, had CD4 cell count and 
      HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those 
      measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we 
      estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months 
      since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA via 
      inverse probability weighting. RESULTS: Out of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% 
      men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 
      initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 
      for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence 
      intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for 
      tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 
      (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi 
      sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 
      (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis. CONCLUSION: With the potential exception of 
      mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common 
      complication of cART initiation in high-income countries.
CI  - 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CN  - The HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
FAU - Lodi, Sara
AU  - Lodi S
AD  - Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
AD  - Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, US
FAU - del Amo, Julia
AU  - del Amo J
AD  - Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
AD  - CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
FAU - Moreno, Santiago
AU  - Moreno S
AD  - Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
AD  - University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
FAU - Bucher, Heiner C
AU  - Bucher HC
AD  - Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital 
      Basel, Switzerland
FAU - Furrer, Hansjakob
AU  - Furrer H
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of 
      Bern, Switzerland
FAU - Logan, Roger
AU  - Logan R
AD  - Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, US
FAU - Sterne, Jonathan
AU  - Sterne J
AD  - Bristol University, United Kingdom
FAU - Perez-Hoyos, Santiago
AU  - Perez-Hoyos S
AD  - CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
AD  - Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
FAU - Jarrin, Inma
AU  - Jarrin I
AD  - Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
AD  - CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
FAU - Phillips, Andrew
AU  - Phillips A
AD  - University College London, United Kingdom
FAU - Olson, Ashley
AU  - Olson A
AD  - Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit in University College of London, 
      London, United Kingdom
FAU - van Sighem, Ard
AU  - van Sighem A
AD  - Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
FAU - Reiss, Peter
AU  - Reiss P
AD  - Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
FAU - Sabin, Caroline
AU  - Sabin C
AD  - University College London, United Kingdom
FAU - Jose, Sophie
AU  - Jose S
AD  - University College London, United Kingdom
FAU - Justice, Amy
AU  - Justice A
AD  - Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
AD  - VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
FAU - Goulet, Joseph
AU  - Goulet J
AD  - VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
FAU - Miro, Jose M
AU  - Miro JM
AD  - Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
FAU - Ferrer, Elena
AU  - Ferrer E
AD  - Bellvitge-IDIBELL Hospital, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 
      Spain
FAU - Meyer, Laurence
AU  - Meyer L
AD  - Univ Paris Sud, UMR 1018, le Kremlin Bicetre, France
AD  - Inserm, UMR 1018, le Kremlin Bicetre, France
AD  - AP-HP, Hopital de Bicetre, Service de Sante Publique, le Kremlin Bicetre, France
FAU - Seng, Remonie
AU  - Seng R
AD  - Inserm, UMR 1018, le Kremlin Bicetre, France
AD  - AP-HP, Hopital de Bicetre, Service de Sante Publique, le Kremlin Bicetre, France
FAU - Vourli, Georgia
AU  - Vourli G
AD  - Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
FAU - Antoniadou, Anastasia
AU  - Antoniadou A
AD  - Athens University Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
FAU - Dabis, Francois
AU  - Dabis F
AD  - Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
FAU - Vandenhede, Mari-Anne
AU  - Vandenhede MA
AD  - Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
FAU - Costagliola, Dominique
AU  - Costagliola D
AD  - Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis 
      d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, F-75013, Paris, France
AD  - INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 
      F-75013, Paris, France
FAU - Abgrall, Sophie
AU  - Abgrall S
AD  - Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis 
      d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, F-75013, Paris, France
AD  - INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 
      F-75013, Paris, France
AD  - AP-HP, Hopital Avicenne, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 
      Bobigny, France
FAU - Hernan, Miguel A
AU  - Hernan MA
AD  - Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, US
AD  - Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, US
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI102634/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - AIDS
JT  - AIDS (London, England)
JID - 8710219
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*epidemiology
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/*methods
MH  - Developed Countries
MH  - Europe
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neoplasms/*epidemiology
MH  - United States
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4495885
MID - NIHMS697193
EDAT- 2014/09/30 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/02 06:00
PMCR- 2015/10/23
CRDT- 2014/09/30 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/09/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/10/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00002030-201410230-00014 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000456 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - AIDS. 2014 Oct 23;28(16):2461-73. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000456.