PMID- 25271248
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160307
LR  - 20150211
IS  - 1470-2738 (Electronic)
IS  - 0143-005X (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - Hormesis and public health: can glutathione depletion and mitochondrial 
      dysfunction due to very low-dose chronic exposure to persistent organic 
      pollutants be mitigated?
PG  - 294-300
LID - 10.1136/jech-2014-203861 [doi]
AB  - Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is linked to many chronic 
      diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Among several possible 
      mechanisms are gradual glutathione depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction after 
      chronic exposure to very low doses of POP mixtures. However, it is biologically 
      noteworthy that glutathione status and mitochondrial function is subject to 
      hormesis, defined broadly as mild stress-induced stimulation of cellular 
      protective mechanisms, including increased synthesis of glutathione and promotion 
      of mitochondrial biogenesis. Although high levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen 
      species (ROS) can cause cellular damage, certain levels of ROS function as 
      signalling molecules to induce hormetic effects. Thus, similar to many other 
      stressors generating ROS, glutathione status and mitochondrial function can be 
      improved at higher POP doses. However, higher POP levels are dangerous despite 
      their hormetic effects due to other adverse phenomena. Also, the persistent 
      nature of POPs can make hormetic effects less effective in humans as hormesis may 
      be the most active with transient stressors. Hormesis-inducing stressors should 
      be placed into three categories for public health purposes: (1) disadvantageous: 
      chemicals like POPs and radiation, that could harm humans by endocrine 
      disruption, action of chemical mixtures and susceptible populations; (2) neutral: 
      cold, heat, and gravity; and (3) advantageous: moderate exercise, phytochemical 
      intake, and calorie restriction. Noting that regulation of POPs, while critical, 
      has provided insufficient protection because POPs persist in human bodies and the 
      food chain, advantageous stressors should be used by the public to mitigate 
      glutathione depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction due to POPs.
CI  - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not 
      already granted under a licence) please go to 
      http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
FAU - Lee, Duk-Hee
AU  - Lee DH
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National 
      University, Daegu, Korea Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU 
      Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
FAU - Jacobs, David R Jr
AU  - Jacobs DR Jr
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 
      Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140930
PL  - England
TA  - J Epidemiol Community Health
JT  - Journal of epidemiology and community health
JID - 7909766
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects/prevention & control
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects
MH  - Glutathione/*deficiency
MH  - Hormesis/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mitochondria/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Organic Chemicals/adverse effects
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - *Public Health
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CHRONIC DI
OT  - ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
OT  - HEALTH PROMOTION
OT  - PUBLIC HEALTH
EDAT- 2014/10/02 06:00
MHDA- 2016/03/08 06:00
CRDT- 2014/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/03/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - jech-2014-203861 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/jech-2014-203861 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Mar;69(3):294-300. doi: 
      10.1136/jech-2014-203861. Epub 2014 Sep 30.