PMID- 25286392
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150610
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2014
TI  - Thirdhand cigarette smoke: factors affecting exposure and remediation.
PG  - e108258
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0108258 [doi]
LID - e108258
AB  - Thirdhand smoke (THS) refers to components of secondhand smoke that stick to 
      indoor surfaces and persist in the environment. Little is known about exposure 
      levels and possible remediation measures to reduce potential exposure in 
      contaminated areas. This study deals with the effect of aging on THS components 
      and evaluates possible exposure levels and remediation measures. We investigated 
      the concentration of nicotine, five nicotine related alkaloids, and three tobacco 
      specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in smoke exposed fabrics. Two different extraction 
      methods were used. Cotton terry cloth and polyester fleece were exposed to smoke 
      in controlled laboratory conditions and aged before extraction. Liquid 
      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for chemical analysis. Fabrics 
      aged for 19 months after smoke exposure retained significant amounts of THS 
      chemicals. During aqueous extraction, cotton cloth released about 41 times as 
      much nicotine and about 78 times the amount of tobacco specific nitrosamines 
      (TSNAs) as polyester after one hour of aqueous extraction. Concentrations of 
      nicotine and TSNAs in extracts of terry cloth exposed to smoke were used to 
      estimate infant/toddler oral exposure and adult dermal exposure to THS. Nicotine 
      exposure from THS residue can be 6.8 times higher in toddlers and 24 times higher 
      in adults and TSNA exposure can be 16 times higher in toddlers and 56 times 
      higher in adults than what would be inhaled by a passive smoker. In addition to 
      providing exposure estimates, our data could be useful in developing remediation 
      strategies and in framing public health policies for indoor environments with 
      THS.
FAU - Bahl, Vasundhra
AU  - Bahl V
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 
      Riverside, California, United States of America; Environmental Toxicology 
      Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 
      United States of America.
FAU - Jacob, Peyton 3rd
AU  - Jacob P 3rd
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San 
      Francisco, California, United States of America.
FAU - Havel, Christopher
AU  - Havel C
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San 
      Francisco, California, United States of America.
FAU - Schick, Suzaynn F
AU  - Schick SF
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 
      University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States 
      of America.
FAU - Talbot, Prue
AU  - Talbot P
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, 
      Riverside, California, United States of America.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - S10 RR026437/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UL1 TR000004/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141006
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Nitrosamines)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
RN  - 0 (Solvents)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - QTT17582CB (Hydrochloric Acid)
RN  - Y4S76JWI15 (Methanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cotton Fiber
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrochloric Acid/chemistry
MH  - Hydrogen Bonding
MH  - Methanol/chemistry
MH  - Nicotine/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Nitrosamines/analysis
MH  - Polyesters
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Smoking/*adverse effects
MH  - Solvents
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis/*prevention & control
PMC - PMC4186756
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/10/07 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/11 06:00
PMCR- 2014/10/06
CRDT- 2014/10/07 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/08/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/10/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-27133 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0108258 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Oct 6;9(10):e108258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108258. 
      eCollection 2014.