PMID- 25304427
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160930
LR  - 20141203
IS  - 1526-0550 (Electronic)
IS  - 1526-0542 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Neurochemical abnormalities in the brainstem of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 
      (SIDS).
PG  - 293-300
LID - S1526-0542(14)00109-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.09.008 [doi]
AB  - The brainstem has been a focus in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) research 
      for 30 years. Physiological and animal model data show that cardiorespiratory, 
      sleep, and arousal mechanisms are abnormal after exposure to SIDS risk factors or 
      in infants who subsequently die from SIDS. As the brainstem houses the regulatory 
      centres for these functions, it is the most likely site to find abnormalities. 
      True to this hypothesis, data derived over the last 30 years shows that the 
      brainstem of infants who died from SIDS exhibits abnormalities in a number of 
      major neurotransmitter and receptor systems including: catecholamines, 
      neuropeptides, acetylcholinergic, indole amines (predominantly serotonin and its 
      receptors), amino acids (predominantly glutamate), brain derived neurotrophic 
      growth factor (BDNF), and some cytokines. A pattern is emerging of particular 
      brainstem nuclei being consistently affected including the dorsal motor nucleus 
      of the vagus (DMNV), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), arcuate nucleus (AN) 
      and raphe. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions that this 
      may lead in future research.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Machaalani, Rita
AU  - Machaalani R
AD  - Department of Medicine, Room 206, Blackburn Building, D06, The University of 
      Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Bosch Institute, Room 206, Blackburn Building, 
      D06, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: 
      rita.machaalani@sydney.edu.au.
FAU - Waters, Karen A
AU  - Waters KA
AD  - Department of Medicine, Room 206, Blackburn Building, D06, The University of 
      Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Bosch Institute, Room 206, Blackburn Building, 
      D06, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Childrens' Hospital, 
      Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140919
PL  - England
TA  - Paediatr Respir Rev
JT  - Paediatric respiratory reviews
JID - 100898941
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Brain Stem/*abnormalities/*metabolism
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sudden Infant Death/*etiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Brain
OT  - Growth factor
OT  - Neurotransmitter
OT  - Receptors
OT  - Sudden infant death
EDAT- 2014/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/01 06:00
CRDT- 2014/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/09/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1526-0542(14)00109-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.09.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Paediatr Respir Rev. 2014 Dec;15(4):293-300. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.09.008. 
      Epub 2014 Sep 19.