PMID- 25308834 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150819 LR - 20160526 IS - 1573-2509 (Electronic) IS - 0920-9964 (Linking) VI - 159 IP - 2-3 DP - 2014 Nov TI - Medial temporal lobe default mode functioning and hippocampal structure as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: a MRI study of non-psychotic adolescent first-degree relatives. PG - 426-34 LID - S0920-9964(14)00477-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.011 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Clues to the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia can be examined in their first-degree relatives because they are genetically related to an ill family member, and have few confounds like medications. Brain abnormalities observed in young relatives are neurobiological indicators of vulnerability to illness. We examined the hypothesis that the hippocampus and parahippocampus are structurally abnormal and are related to default mode network (DMN) function and cognitive abnormalities in relatives of probands. METHODS: Subjects were 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 48 normal controls, ages 13 to 28, undergoing high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T. After structural scan acquisition a subset of subjects performed 2-back working memory (WM) and 0-back tasks during functional MRI (fMRI) alternating with rest. fMRI data were analyzed using SPM-8. Volumes of total cerebrum, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus were measured using semi-automated morphometry. RESULTS: Compared to controls, relatives had significantly smaller left hippocampi, without volumetric reduction in the parahippocampus. Relatives showed significantly less suppression of DMN activity in the left parahippocampal gyrus. Left hippocampal and posterior parahippocampal volumes were inversely and significantly associated with DMN processing (smaller volumes, less suppression) in relatives. Task suppression in parahippocampal gyrus significantly correlated with WM performance within the relatives. CONCLUSION: Results support the hypothesis that the vulnerability to schizophrenia includes smaller hippocampi and DMN suppression deficits, and these are associated with poorer WM. Findings suggest a primary structural, neurodevelopmental, medial temporal lobe abnormality associated with altered DMN function independent of psychosis. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Seidman, Larry J AU - Seidman LJ AD - Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Electronic address: lseidman@bidmc.harvard.edu. FAU - Rosso, Isabelle M AU - Rosso IM AD - Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, United States. FAU - Thermenos, Heidi W AU - Thermenos HW AD - Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States. FAU - Makris, Nikos AU - Makris N AD - Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Harvard Medical School Departments of Neurology and Radiology Services, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States. FAU - Juelich, Richard AU - Juelich R AD - Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States. FAU - Gabrieli, John D E AU - Gabrieli JD AD - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. FAU - Faraone, Stephen V AU - Faraone SV AD - Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States; SUNY Genetics Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States. FAU - Tsuang, Ming T AU - Tsuang MT AD - Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA 02115, United States; University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Behavior Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States. FAU - Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan AU - Whitfield-Gabrieli S AD - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Poitras Center for Affective Disorders Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States. LA - eng GR - K01 MH069687/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH 43518/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH 65562/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH092840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - P41RR14075/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141011 PL - Netherlands TA - Schizophr Res JT - Schizophrenia research JID - 8804207 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Brain Mapping MH - Family MH - Female MH - *Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - Hippocampus/*pathology/physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Memory, Short-Term/physiology MH - Nerve Net/*physiopathology MH - Parahippocampal Gyrus/*pathology/physiopathology MH - Schizophrenia/*pathology/physiopathology MH - Temporal Lobe/*pathology/physiopathology MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - Default mode OT - Genetics OT - Hippocampus OT - MRI OT - Parahippocampus OT - Relatives OT - Schizophrenia EDAT- 2014/10/14 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/20 06:00 CRDT- 2014/10/14 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/08/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/09/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/10/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [medline] AID - S0920-9964(14)00477-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Schizophr Res. 2014 Nov;159(2-3):426-34. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.011. Epub 2014 Oct 11.