PMID- 25315420
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150511
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1749-6632 (Electronic)
IS  - 0077-8923 (Print)
IS  - 0077-8923 (Linking)
VI  - 1338
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - Autoimmune encephalopathies.
PG  - 94-114
LID - 10.1111/nyas.12553 [doi]
AB  - Over the past 10 years, the continual discovery of novel forms of encephalitis 
      associated with antibodies to cell-surface or synaptic proteins has changed the 
      paradigms for diagnosing and treating disorders that were previously unknown or 
      mischaracterized. We review here the process of discovery, the symptoms, and the 
      target antigens of 11 autoimmune encephalitic disorders, grouped by syndromes and 
      approached from a clinical perspective. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 
      (NMDAR) encephalitis, several subtypes of limbic encephalitis, stiff-person 
      spectrum disorders, and other autoimmune encephalitides that result in psychosis, 
      seizures, or abnormal movements are described in detail. We include a novel 
      encephalopathy with prominent sleep dysfunction that provides an intriguing link 
      between chronic neurodegeneration and cell-surface autoimmunity (IgLON5). Some of 
      the caveats of limited serum testing are outlined. In addition, we review the 
      underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms that for some disorders confirm the 
      antibody pathogenicity. The multidisciplinary impact of autoimmune encephalitis 
      has been expanded recently by the discovery that herpes simplex encephalitis is a 
      robust trigger of synaptic autoimmunity, and that some patients may develop 
      overlapping syndromes, including anti-NMDAR encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica 
      or other demyelinating diseases.
CI  - (c) 2014 New York Academy of Sciences.
FAU - Leypoldt, Frank
AU  - Leypoldt F
AD  - Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research 
      Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of 
      Clinical Chemistry, Neuroimmunology Unit and Department of Neurology, University 
      Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus, Kiel, Germany.
FAU - Armangue, Thais
AU  - Armangue T
FAU - Dalmau, Josep
AU  - Dalmau J
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH094741/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS077851/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RC1 NS068204/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20141014
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann N Y Acad Sci
JT  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JID - 7506858
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (Autoantigens)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Autoantibodies/metabolism
MH  - Autoantigens/metabolism
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/*diagnosis/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Encephalitis/*diagnosis/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
PMC - PMC4363225
MID - NIHMS628509
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anti-NMDAR antibodies
OT  - autoimmune encephalitis
OT  - limbic encephalitis
OT  - psychosis
OT  - treatment
EDAT- 2014/10/16 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/12 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/01
CRDT- 2014/10/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1111/nyas.12553 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1338(1):94-114. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12553. Epub 2014 Oct 
      14.