PMID- 25316862 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141217 LR - 20220409 IS - 1537-6613 (Electronic) IS - 0022-1899 (Linking) VI - 210 Suppl 1 DP - 2014 Nov 1 TI - Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication in Nigeria. PG - S40-9 LID - 10.1093/infdis/jiu318 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Transmission of wild poliovirus (WPV) has never been interrupted in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Since 2003, infections with WPV of Nigerian origin have been detected in 25 polio-free countries. In 2012, the Nigerian government created an emergency operations center and implemented a national emergency action plan to eradicate polio. The 2013 revision of this plan prioritized (1) improving the quality of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), (2) implementing strategies to reach underserved populations, (3) adopting special approaches in security-compromised areas, (4) improving outbreak response, (5) enhancing routine immunization and activities implemented between SIAs, and (6) strengthening surveillance. This report summarizes implementation of these activities during a period of unprecedented insecurity and violence, including the killing of health workers and the onset of a state of emergency in the northeast zone. METHODS: This report reviews management strategies, innovations, trends in case counts, vaccination and social mobilization activities, and surveillance and monitoring data to assess progress in polio eradication in Nigeria. RESULTS: Nigeria has made significant improvements in the management of polio eradication initiative (pei) activities with marked improvement in the quality of SIAs, as measured by lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS). Comparing results from February 2012 with results from December 2013, the proportion of local government areas (LGAs) conducting LQAS in the 11 high-risk states at the >/=90% pass/fail threshold increased from 7% to 42%, and the proportion at the 80%-89% threshold increased from 9% to 30%. During January-December 2013, 53 polio cases were reported from 26 LGAs in 9 states in Nigeria, compared with 122 cases reported from 13 states in 2012. No cases of WPV type 3 infection have been reported since November 2012. In 2013, no polio cases due to any poliovirus type were detected in the northwest sanctuaries of Nigeria. In the second half of 2013, WPV transmission was restricted to Kano, Borno, Bauchi, and Taraba states. Despite considerable progress, 24 LGAs in 2012 and 7 LGAs in 2013 reported >/=2 cases, and WPV continued to circulate in 8 LGAs that had cases in 2012. Campaign activities were negatively impacted by insecurity and violence in Borno and Kano states. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to interrupt transmission remain impeded by poor SIA implementation in localized areas, anti-polio vaccine sentiment, and limited access to vaccinate children because of insecurity. Sustained improvement in SIA quality, surveillance, and outbreak response and special strategies in security-compromised areas are needed to interrupt WPV transmission in 2014. CI - Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. FAU - Ado, J Mohammed AU - Ado JM AD - National Primary Health Care Development Agency. FAU - Etsano, Andrew AU - Etsano A AD - National Primary Health Care Development Agency. FAU - Shuaib, Faisal AU - Shuaib F AD - Federal Ministry of Health. FAU - Damisa, Eunice AU - Damisa E AD - National Primary Health Care Development Agency. FAU - Mkanda, Pascal AU - Mkanda P AD - World Health Organization (WHO). FAU - Gasasira, Alex AU - Gasasira A AD - WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. FAU - Banda, Richard AU - Banda R AD - World Health Organization (WHO). FAU - Korir, Charles AU - Korir C AD - World Health Organization (WHO). FAU - Johnson, Ticha AU - Johnson T AD - World Health Organization (WHO). FAU - Dieng, Boubacar AU - Dieng B AD - United Nations Children's Fund. FAU - Corkum, Melissa AU - Corkum M AD - United Nations Children's Fund. FAU - Enemaku, Ogu AU - Enemaku O AD - United Nations Children's Fund. FAU - Mataruse, Noah AU - Mataruse N AD - United Nations Children's Fund. FAU - Ohuabunwo, Chima AU - Ohuabunwo C AD - African Field Epidemiology Network. FAU - Baig, Shahzad AU - Baig S AD - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria. FAU - Galway, Michael AU - Galway M AD - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria. FAU - Seaman, Vincent AU - Seaman V AD - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Abuja, Nigeria. FAU - Wiesen, Eric AU - Wiesen E AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Vertefeuille, John AU - Vertefeuille J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Ogbuanu, Ikechukwu U AU - Ogbuanu IU AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Armstrong, Gregory AU - Armstrong G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. FAU - Mahoney, Frank J AU - Mahoney FJ AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. LA - eng GR - 001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - J Infect Dis JT - The Journal of infectious diseases JID - 0413675 RN - 0 (Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Animals MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Disease Eradication/*methods/*organization & administration MH - Endemic Diseases MH - Epidemiological Monitoring MH - Female MH - Health Policy MH - Humans MH - Incidence MH - Infant MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Male MH - Nigeria/epidemiology MH - Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology MH - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/*administration & dosage/supply & distribution MH - Vaccination/*statistics & numerical data OTO - NOTNLM OT - Nigeria OT - OPV OT - oral polio vaccine OT - poliovirus EDAT- 2014/10/16 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/18 06:00 CRDT- 2014/10/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/18 06:00 [medline] AID - jiu318 [pii] AID - 10.1093/infdis/jiu318 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;210 Suppl 1:S40-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu318.