PMID- 25317906 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151207 LR - 20231213 IS - 1520-5851 (Electronic) IS - 0013-936X (Linking) VI - 48 IP - 22 DP - 2014 Nov 18 TI - Inhalable constituents of thirdhand tobacco smoke: chemical characterization and health impact considerations. PG - 13093-101 LID - 10.1021/es5036333 [doi] AB - Tobacco smoke residues lingering in the indoor environment, also termed thirdhand smoke (THS), can be a source of long-term exposure to harmful pollutants. THS composition is affected by chemical transformations and by air-surface partitioning over time scales of minutes to months. This study identified and quantified airborne THS pollutants available for respiratory exposure, identified potential environmental tracers, and estimated health impacts to nonsmokers. In a ventilated 18 m(3) laboratory chamber, six cigarettes were machine-smoked, and levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) and 58 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored during an aging period of 18 h. Results were compared with field measurements taken in a smoker's home 8 h after the last cigarette had been smoked. Initial chamber levels of individual VOCs in freshly emitted secondhand smoke (SHS) were in the range of 1-300 mug m(-3). The commonly used SHS tracers 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) and nicotine were no longer present in the gas phase after 2 h, likely due mostly to sorption to surfaces. By contrast, other VOCs persisted in the gas phase for at least 18 h, particularly furans, carbonyls, and nitriles. The concentration ratio of acetonitrile to 3-EP increased substantially with aging. This ratio may provide a useful metric for differentiating freshly emitted (SHS) from aged smoke (THS). Among the 29 VOCs detected in the smoker's home at moderate to high concentrations, 18 compounds were also detected in simultaneously sampled outdoor air, but acetonitrile, 2-methyl furan, and 2,5-dimethyl furan appeared to be specific to cigarette smoke. The levels of acrolein, methacrolein, and acrylonitrile exceeded concentrations considered harmful by the State of California. An initial exposure and impact assessment was conducted for a subset of pollutants by computing disability-adjusted life years lost, using available toxicological and epidemiological information. Exposure to PM2.5 contributed to more than 90% of the predicted harm. Acrolein, furan, acrylonitrile, and 1,3-butadiene were considered to be the most harmful VOCs. Depending on which criteria are used to establish the separation between SHS and THS, 5-60% of the predicted health damage could be attributed to THS exposure. Benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed. FAU - Sleiman, Mohamad AU - Sleiman M AD - Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States. FAU - Logue, Jennifer M AU - Logue JM FAU - Luo, Wentai AU - Luo W FAU - Pankow, James F AU - Pankow JF FAU - Gundel, Lara A AU - Gundel LA FAU - Destaillats, Hugo AU - Destaillats H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20141031 PL - United States TA - Environ Sci Technol JT - Environmental science & technology JID - 0213155 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution) RN - 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds) SB - IM MH - Air Pollutants/*analysis MH - California MH - *Health Impact Assessment MH - Humans MH - Inhalation Exposure/*analysis MH - Particulate Matter/analysis MH - *Public Health MH - Quality-Adjusted Life Years MH - Time Factors MH - Nicotiana/*adverse effects MH - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis MH - Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis EDAT- 2014/10/16 06:00 MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2014/10/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1021/es5036333 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Nov 18;48(22):13093-101. doi: 10.1021/es5036333. Epub 2014 Oct 31.