PMID- 25320535 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150624 LR - 20211021 IS - 2219-2840 (Electronic) IS - 1007-9327 (Print) IS - 1007-9327 (Linking) VI - 20 IP - 38 DP - 2014 Oct 14 TI - Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for esophageal cancer: a feasibility study. PG - 13973-80 LID - 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13973 [doi] AB - AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) datasets of 10 patients with upper or middle thoracic squamous cell EC undergoing chemoradiotherapy were used to generate SMART, conventionally-fractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (cf-IMRT) plans, respectively. The gross target volume (GTV) of the esophagus, positive regional lymph nodes (LN), and suspected lymph nodes (LN +/-) were contoured for each patient. The clinical target volume (CTV) was delineated with 2-cm longitudinal and 0.5- to 1.0-cm radial margins with respect to the GTV and with 0.5-cm uniform margins for LN and LN(+/-). For the SMART plans, there were two planning target volumes (PTVs): PTV66 = (GTV + LN) + 0.5 cm and PTV54 = CTV + 0.5 cm. For the 3DCRT and cf-IMRT plans, there was only a single PTV: PTV60 = CTV + 0.5 cm. The prescribed dose for the SMART plans was 66 Gy/30 F to PTV66 and 54 Gy/30 F to PTV54. The dose prescription to the PTV60 for both the 3DCRT and cf-IMRT plans was set to 60 Gy/30 F. All the plans were generated on the Eclipse 10.0 treatment planning system. Fulfillment of the dose criteria for the PTVs received the highest priority, followed by the spinal cord, heart, and lungs. The dose-volume histograms were compared. RESULTS: Clinically acceptable plans were achieved for all the SMART, cf-IMRT, and 3DCRT plans. Compared with the 3DCRT plans, the SMART plans increased the dose delivered to the primary tumor (66 Gy vs 60 Gy), with improved sparing of normal tissues in all patients. The Dmax of the spinal cord, V20 of the lungs, and Dmean and V50 of the heart for the SMART and 3DCRT plans were as follows: 38.5 +/- 2.0 vs 44.7 +/- 0.8 (P = 0.002), 17.1 +/- 4.0 vs 25.8 +/- 5.0 (P = 0.000), 14.4 +/- 7.5 vs 21.4 +/- 11.1 (P = 0.000), and 4.9 +/- 3.4 vs 12.9 +/- 7.6 (P = 0.000), respectively. In contrast to the cf-IMRT plans, the SMART plans permitted a simultaneous dose escalation (6 Gy) to the primary tumor while demonstrating a significant trend of a lower irradiation dose to all organs at risk except the spinal cord, for which no significant difference was found. CONCLUSION: SMART offers the potential for a 6 Gy simultaneous escalation in the irradiation dose delivered to the primary tumor of EC and improves the sparing of normal tissues. FAU - Zhang, Wu-Zhe AU - Zhang WZ AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Chen, Jian-Zhou AU - Chen JZ AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Li, De-Rui AU - Li DR AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Chen, Zhi-Jian AU - Chen ZJ AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Guo, Hong AU - Guo H AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Zhuang, Ting-Ting AU - Zhuang TT AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Li, Dong-Sheng AU - Li DS AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Zhou, Ming-Zhen AU - Zhou MZ AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. FAU - Chen, Chuang-Zhen AU - Chen CZ AD - Wu-Zhe Zhang, Jian-Zhou Chen, De-Rui Li, Zhi-Jian Chen, Hong Guo, Ting-Ting Zhuang, Dong-Sheng Li, Ming-Zhen Zhou, Chuang-Zhen Chen, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01670409 PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - World J Gastroenterol JT - World journal of gastroenterology JID - 100883448 SB - IM MH - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging/pathology/*radiotherapy MH - Chemoradiotherapy MH - China MH - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic MH - Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/*radiotherapy MH - Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma MH - Feasibility Studies MH - Humans MH - Lymph Nodes/pathology/radiation effects MH - Lymphatic Metastasis MH - Radiation Dosage MH - Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted MH - *Radiotherapy, Conformal/adverse effects MH - *Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Tomography, X-Ray Computed MH - Treatment Outcome PMC - PMC4194581 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Esophageal cancer OT - Feasibility OT - Intensity-modulated radiation therapy OT - Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy OT - Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy EDAT- 2014/10/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/06/25 06:00 PMCR- 2014/10/14 CRDT- 2014/10/17 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/06/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/06/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/10/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/10/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/06/25 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/10/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13973 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 14;20(38):13973-80. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13973.