PMID- 25328838
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150625
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2162-3279 (Electronic)
IS  - 2162-3279 (Print)
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2014 Sep
TI  - Withholding and canceling a response in ADHD adolescents.
PG  - 602-14
LID - 10.1002/brb3.244 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Deficient response inhibition in situations involving a trade-off 
      between response execution and response stopping is a hallmark of attention 
      deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). There are two key components of response 
      inhibition; reactive inhibition where one attempts to cancel an ongoing response 
      and prospective inhibition is when one withholds a response pending a signal to 
      stop. Prospective inhibition comes into play prior to the presentation of the 
      stop signal and reactive inhibition follows the presentation of a signal to stop 
      a particular action. The aim of this study is to investigate the neural activity 
      evoked by prospective and reactive inhibition in adolescents with and without 
      ADHD. METHODS: Twelve adolescents with ADHD and 12 age-matched healthy controls 
      (age range 9-18) were imaged while performing the stop signal task (SST). 
      RESULTS: Reactive inhibition activated right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in both 
      groups. ADHD subjects activated IFG bilaterally. In controls, prospective 
      inhibition invoked preactivation of the same part of right IFG that activated 
      during reactive inhibition. In ADHD subjects, prospective inhibition was 
      associated with deactivation in this region. Controls also deactivated the medial 
      prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during prospective inhibition, whereas ADHD subjects 
      activated the same area. DISCUSSION: This pattern of activity changes in the same 
      structures, but in opposite directions, was also evident across all phases of the 
      task in various task-specific areas like the superior and middle temporal gyrus 
      and other frontal areas. CONCLUSION: Differences between ADHD and control 
      participants in task-specific and default mode structures (IFG and MPFC) were 
      evident during prospective, but not during reactive inhibition.
FAU - Bhaijiwala, Mehereen
AU  - Bhaijiwala M
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto 7213 Medical Sciences 
      Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada ; 
      Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital 
      for Sick Children 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada.
FAU - Chevrier, Andre
AU  - Chevrier A
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto 7213 Medical Sciences 
      Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada ; 
      Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital 
      for Sick Children 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada.
FAU - Schachar, Russell
AU  - Schachar R
AD  - Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto 7213 Medical Sciences 
      Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S1A8, Canada ; 
      Neurosciences and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital 
      for Sick Children 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - M0P 82796/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140626
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav
JT  - Brain and behavior
JID - 101570837
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Child
MH  - Functional Laterality/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Inhibition, Psychological
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*physiopathology
PMC - PMC4086366
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADHD
OT  - IFG
OT  - MPFC
OT  - adolescents
OT  - fMRI
OT  - imaging
OT  - proactive inhibition
OT  - reactive inhibition
OT  - response inhibition
OT  - stop-signal task
EDAT- 2014/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/26 06:00
PMCR- 2014/09/01
CRDT- 2014/10/21 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/05/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/06/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/brb3.244 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Behav. 2014 Sep;4(5):602-14. doi: 10.1002/brb3.244. Epub 2014 Jun 26.