PMID- 2533050
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19900307
LR  - 20190903
IS  - 0732-8893 (Print)
IS  - 0732-8893 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 1989 Sep-Oct
TI  - The prevalence of staphylococcal resistance to penicillinase-resistant 
      penicillins. A retrospective and prospective national surveillance trial of 
      isolates from 40 medical centers.
PG  - 385-94
AB  - In a retrospective survey of resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins 
      (PRPs) in 152,076 clinical staphylococcal strains isolated in 40 United States 
      Hospitals in 1985 and 1986, rates of resistance to oxacillin were found to be 11 
      and 13%, respectively, among Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The rates were 
      approximately four times higher among coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains. 
      In a prospective study of 1,408 wound or bacteremia isolates from the participant 
      hospitals, oxacillin and methicillin agar screening, disk diffusion, and broth 
      microdilution testing were conducted at a single reference laboratory. These 
      tests yielded PRP resistance rates of 15% among S. aureus, 75% among S. 
      epidermidis, and 48% among other coagulase-negative strains. No major changes in 
      the distribution of resistance rates among hospitals or by hospital type were 
      observed. Dilution susceptibility testing of several antimicrobial agents against 
      PRP-resistant isolates and species-matched susceptible isolates from the same 
      hospital showed that teicoplanin and vancomycin were the most active drugs (100% 
      of S. aureus isolates were susceptible). Teicoplanin and vancomycin disk 
      diffusion testing of all PRP-resistant staphylococcal strains also showed that 
      these isolates were susceptible to the glycopeptides. However, agar dilution 
      screening and broth microdilution tests revealed that several coagulase-negative 
      strains, predominantly S. haemolyticus, had teicoplanin MICs greater than or 
      equal to 8 micrograms/ml. S. haemolyticus isolates represented a very small 
      number of the total stains tested. Teicoplanin and vancomycin were also the most 
      active drugs when tested against older (1962-82) clinical PRP-resistant S. aureus 
      strains from the reference laboratory collection. The methods found to be 
      superior in detecting PRP-resistant strains were the oxacillin 6 micrograms/ml 
      agar screening test in 4% NaCl-supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar and the 1 
      microgram oxacillin disk test. By reference laboratory standards, participant 
      laboratories were incorrect in only 2.3% of species identifications and 4.5% of 
      oxacillin-susceptibility determinations, indicating acceptable contemporary 
      agreement and accuracy.
FAU - Jones, R N
AU  - Jones RN
AD  - Clinical Microbiology Institute, Tualatin, Oregon.
FAU - Barry, A L
AU  - Barry AL
FAU - Gardiner, R V
AU  - Gardiner RV
FAU - Packer, R R
AU  - Packer RR
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PL  - United States
TA  - Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
JT  - Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease
JID - 8305899
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Glycopeptides)
RN  - 61036-62-2 (Teicoplanin)
RN  - 6Q205EH1VU (Vancomycin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Glycopeptides/pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Multicenter Studies as Topic
MH  - *Penicillin Resistance
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Staphylococcus/*drug effects
MH  - Teicoplanin
MH  - Vancomycin/pharmacology
EDAT- 1989/09/01 00:00
MHDA- 1989/09/01 00:01
CRDT- 1989/09/01 00:00
PHST- 1989/09/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1989/09/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1989/09/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0732-8893(89)90108-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0732-8893(89)90108-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1989 Sep-Oct;12(5):385-94. doi: 
      10.1016/0732-8893(89)90108-9.