PMID- 25343623
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151224
LR  - 20190223
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2014
TI  - Cytokines in acute chikungunya.
PG  - e111305
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0111305 [doi]
LID - e111305
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Acute chikungunya (CHIKV) is predominantly an acute onset of 
      excruciatingly painful, self-limiting musculoskeletal (MSK) arbovirus illness and 
      this was further reported by us during the 2006 Indian epidemic [Chopra et al. 
      Epidemiol Infect 2012]. Selected serum cytokines profile in subjects within one 
      month of onset of illness is being presented. METHODS: Out of 509 clinical CHIKV 
      cases (43% population) identified during a rural population survey, 225 subjects 
      consented blood investigations. 132 examined within 30 days of febrile onset are 
      the study cohort. Anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies tested by 
      immunochromatography and indirect immunofluorescence respectively. Interferons 
      (IFN)-alpha, -beta and -gamma, Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein-10 (CXCL-10/IP-10), Tumor 
      Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), 
      Interleukin-13 (IL-13), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-4 
      (IL-4) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) performed by ELISA. Samples collected from 
      neighboring community a year prior to the epidemic used as healthy controls. 
      RESULTS: Seropositivity for anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG was 65% and 52% respectively. 
      IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, CXCL10/IP-10 and IL-1beta showed intense response in early 
      acute phase. Cytokines (particularly TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) was 
      maximum in extended symptomatic phase and remained elevated in recovered 
      subjects. Higher (p<0.05) IFN and IL-4 seen in patients seropositive for 
      anti-CHIKV IgG. Elderly cases (>/=65 years) showed elevated cytokines (except IFN) 
      and anti-CHIKV antibodies near similar to younger subjects. Significant 
      correlations (p<0.05) found between cytokines and clinical features (fatigue, low 
      back ache, myalgia) and anti-CHIKV antibodies. CONCLUSION: An intense cytokine 
      milieu was evident in the early and immediate persistent symptomatic phase and in 
      recovered subjects. Early persistent IgM and lower IgG to anti-CHKV and intense 
      Th2 cytokine phenotype seem to be associated with delay in resolution of MSK 
      symptoms. Intriguingly, maximum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-13 with low anti-CHIKV IgM 
      response found in subjects recovered from CHIKV within one month of illness.
FAU - Venugopalan, Anuradha
AU  - Venugopalan A
AD  - Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.
FAU - Ghorpade, Ravi P
AU  - Ghorpade RP
AD  - Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.
FAU - Chopra, Arvind
AU  - Chopra A
AD  - Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141024
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Acute-Phase Reaction/immunology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Antibody Formation/immunology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Chikungunya Fever/*blood/immunology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4208842
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/10/25 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/25 06:00
PMCR- 2014/10/24
CRDT- 2014/10/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/09/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/10/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-20974 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0111305 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Oct 24;9(10):e111305. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111305. 
      eCollection 2014.