PMID- 25344166
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141222
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-3592 (Electronic)
IS  - 1383-5718 (Linking)
VI  - 770
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - In-vivo study of genotoxic and inflammatory effects of the organo-modified 
      Montmorillonite Cloisite(R) 30B.
PG  - 66-71
LID - S1383-5718(14)00155-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.023 [doi]
AB  - Because of the increasing use of clays and organoclays in industrial applications 
      it is of importance to consider the toxicity of these materials. Recently it was 
      reported that the commercially available Montmorillonite clay, Cloisite((R)) 30B, 
      which is surface-modified by organic quaternary ammonium compounds, was genotoxic 
      in vitro. In the present study the in-vivo genotoxic and inflammatory potential 
      of Cloisite((R)) 30B was investigated as a follow-up of the in-vitro studies. 
      Wistar rats were exposed to Cloisite((R)) 30B twice 24h apart by oral gavage, at 
      doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg body weight [indicate duration of treatment; 
      Ed.]. There was no induction of DNA strand-breaks in colon, liver and kidney 
      cells and there was no increase in inflammatory cytokine markers in blood-plasma 
      samples. In order to verify the possible absorption of Cloisite((R)) 30B from the 
      gastrointestinal tract, inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) 
      analysis was performed on samples of liver, kidney and faeces, with aluminium as 
      a tracer element characteristic to clay. The results showed that aluminium could 
      be detected in faeces, but not in the liver or kidneys. This indicated that there 
      was no systemic exposure to clay particles from Cloisite((R)) 30B. Detection and 
      identification of free quaternary ammonium modifier in the highest dose of 
      Cloisite((R)) 30B was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled 
      with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). This analysis 
      revealed a mixture of three quaternary ammonium analogues. The detected 
      concentration of the organomodifier corresponded to an exposure of rats to about 
      5mg quaternary ammonium analogues/kg body weight.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sharma, A K
AU  - Sharma AK
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Toxicology 
      & Risk Assessment, Morkhoj Bygade 19, 2860 Soborg, Denmark. Electronic address: 
      aksha@food.dtu.dk.
FAU - Mortensen, A
AU  - Mortensen A
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Toxicology 
      & Risk Assessment, Morkhoj Bygade 19, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Schmidt, B
AU  - Schmidt B
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Food 
      Chemistry, Morkhoj Bygade 26, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Frandsen, H
AU  - Frandsen H
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Food 
      Chemistry, Morkhoj Bygade 26, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Hadrup, N
AU  - Hadrup N
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Toxicology 
      & Risk Assessment, Morkhoj Bygade 19, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Larsen, E H
AU  - Larsen EH
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Food 
      Chemistry, Morkhoj Bygade 26, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
FAU - Binderup, M-L
AU  - Binderup ML
AD  - Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Division of Toxicology 
      & Risk Assessment, Morkhoj Bygade 19, 2860 Soborg, Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140602
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
JT  - Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis
JID - 101632149
RN  - 0 (Aluminum Silicates)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 1302-78-9 (Bentonite)
RN  - T1FAD4SS2M (Clay)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aluminum Silicates/toxicity
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bentonite/*toxicity
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Clay
MH  - Colon/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Comet Assay
MH  - Cytokines/blood
MH  - DNA Damage/*drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Inflammation/chemically induced/*pathology
MH  - Kidney/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Liver/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/toxicity
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Absorption
OT  - Clay
OT  - Comet assay
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Nanocomposite
OT  - Quaternary ammonium compound
EDAT- 2014/10/26 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/23 06:00
CRDT- 2014/10/26 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/04/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1383-5718(14)00155-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2014 Aug;770:66-71. doi: 
      10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.023. Epub 2014 Jun 2.