PMID- 25346177
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151023
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1473-4230 (Electronic)
IS  - 1473-4222 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - What does low-intensity rTMS do to the cerebellum?
PG  - 23-6
LID - 10.1007/s12311-014-0617-9 [doi]
AB  - Non-invasive stimulation of the human cerebellum, such as by transcranial 
      magnetic stimulation (TMS), is increasingly used to investigate cerebellar 
      function and identify potential treatment for cerebellar dysfunction. However, 
      the effects of TMS on cerebellar neurons remain poorly defined. We applied 
      low-intensity repetitive TMS (LI-rTMS) to the mouse cerebellum in vivo and in 
      vitro and examined the cellular and molecular sequelae. In normal C57/Bl6 mice, 4 
      weeks of LI-rTMS using a complex biomimetic high-frequency stimulation (BHFS) 
      alters Purkinje cell (PC) dendritic and spine morphology; the effects persist 4 
      weeks after the end of stimulation. We then evaluated whether LI-rTMS could 
      induce climbing fibre (CF) reinnervation to denervated PCs. After unilateral 
      pedunculotomy in adult mice and 2 weeks sham or BHFS stimulation, VGLUT2 
      immunohistochemistry was used to quantify CF reinnervation. In contrast to sham, 
      LI-rTMS induced CF reinnervation to the denervated hemicerebellum. To examine 
      potential mechanisms underlying the LI-rTMS effect, we verified that BHFS could 
      induce CF reinnervation using our in vitro olivocerebellar explants in which 
      denervated cerebellar tissue is co-cultured adjacent to intact cerebella and 
      treated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (as a positive control), 
      sham or LI-rTMS for 2 weeks. Compared with sham, BDNF and BHFS LI-rTMS 
      significantly increased CF reinnervation, without additive effect. To identify 
      potential underlying mechanisms, we examined intracellular calcium flux during 
      the 10-min stimulation. Complex high-frequency stimulation increased 
      intracellular calcium by release from intracellular stores. Thus, even at low 
      intensity, rTMS modifies PC structure and induces CF reinnervation.
FAU - Morellini, N
AU  - Morellini N
AD  - UMR8256 Biological Adaptation and Ageing, IBPS-B2A, Sorbonne Universites 
      UPMC-Univ Paris 6 and CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
FAU - Grehl, S
AU  - Grehl S
FAU - Tang, A
AU  - Tang A
FAU - Rodger, J
AU  - Rodger J
FAU - Mariani, J
AU  - Mariani J
FAU - Lohof, A M
AU  - Lohof AM
FAU - Sherrard, R M
AU  - Sherrard RM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Cerebellum
JT  - Cerebellum (London, England)
JID - 101089443
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cerebellum/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Purkinje Cells/pathology/physiology
MH  - *Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
EDAT- 2014/10/28 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/24 06:00
CRDT- 2014/10/28 06:00
PHST- 2014/10/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s12311-014-0617-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cerebellum. 2015 Feb;14(1):23-6. doi: 10.1007/s12311-014-0617-9.