PMID- 25354468
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150910
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1097-4547 (Electronic)
IS  - 0360-4012 (Print)
IS  - 0360-4012 (Linking)
VI  - 93
IP  - 3
DP  - 2015 Mar
TI  - Scratching activates microglia in the mouse spinal cord.
PG  - 466-74
LID - 10.1002/jnr.23501 [doi]
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that repetitive scratching provoked by two known 
      pruritogens, compound 48/80 and 5'-guanidinonaltrindole (GNTI), is accompanied by 
      activation of microglial cells in the mouse spinal cord. Immunohistochemical 
      studies revealed that the complement receptor 3, also known as cluster 
      determinant 11b (CD11b), a cell surface marker of microglial cells, was 
      upregulated in the spinal cord 10-30 min after a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 
      compound 48/80 (50 mug/100 mul) or GNTI (0.3 mg/kg) to the back of the mouse neck. 
      Numerous intensely labeled CD11b-immunoreactive (CD11b-ir) cells, with the 
      appearance of hypertrophic reactive microglia, were distributed throughout the 
      gray and white matter. In contrast, weakly labeled CD11b-ir cells were 
      distributed in the spinal cord from mice injected with saline. Western blots 
      showed that CD11b expression levels were significantly increased in spinal cords 
      of mice injected s.c. with either pruritogen, reached a peak response in about 30 
      min, and declined to about the basal level in the ensuing 60 min. In addition, 
      phospho-p38 (p-p38) but not p38 levels were upregulated in spinal cords from mice 
      injected with compound 48/80 or GNTI, with a time course parallel to that of 
      CD11b expression. Pretreatment of the mice with nalfurafine (20 microg/kg; s.c.), a 
      kappa-opioid receptor agonist that has been shown to suppress scratching, reduced 
      CD11b and p-p38 expression induced by either pruritogen. The results demonstrate, 
      for the first time, that scratch behavior induced by the pruritogens GNTI and 
      compound 48/80 is accompanied by a parallel activation of microglial cells in the 
      spinal cord.
CI  - (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Zhang, Ying
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 
      Pennsylvania; Department of Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 
      China.
FAU - Dun, Siok L
AU  - Dun SL
FAU - Chen, Yi-Hung
AU  - Chen YH
FAU - Luo, Jin J
AU  - Luo JJ
FAU - Cowan, Alan
AU  - Cowan A
FAU - Dun, Nae J
AU  - Dun NJ
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 DA013429/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 NS018710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30DA13429/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37NS18710/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141030
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurosci Res
JT  - Journal of neuroscience research
JID - 7600111
RN  - 0 
      (17-cyclopropylmethyl-6,7-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-5'-guanidinyl-3,14-dihydroxyindolo(2',3'-6,7)morphinan)
RN  - 0 (CD11b Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Guanidines)
RN  - 0 (Morphinans)
RN  - 4091-50-3 (p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*physiology
MH  - CD11b Antigen/*metabolism
MH  - Guanidines
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microglia/*metabolism
MH  - Morphinans
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Pruritus/chemically induced/*metabolism
MH  - Spinal Cord/*metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine
MH  - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
PMC - PMC4293236
MID - NIHMS638099
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GNTI
OT  - compound 48/80
OT  - glia
OT  - itch
OT  - nalfurafine
OT  - p38
OT  - phospho-p38
EDAT- 2014/10/31 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/12 06:00
PMCR- 2016/03/01
CRDT- 2014/10/31 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/08/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/09/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/10/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/10/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/jnr.23501 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurosci Res. 2015 Mar;93(3):466-74. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23501. Epub 2014 Oct 30.