PMID- 25370583
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150121
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1524-4628 (Electronic)
IS  - 0039-2499 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 12
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - In vivo imaging of the mouse neurovascular unit under chronic cerebral 
      hypoperfusion.
PG  - 3698-703
LID - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005891 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Proper brain function is maintained by an integrated 
      system called the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprised cellular and acellular 
      elements. Although the individual features of specific neurovascular components 
      are understood, it is unknown how they respond to ischemic stress as a functional 
      unit. Therefore, we established an in vivo imaging method and clarified the NVU 
      response to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS: Green mice (b-act-EGFP) with 
      SR101 plasma labeling were used in this experiment. A closed cranial window was 
      made over the left somatosensory cortex. To mimic chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, 
      mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis operations using 
      microcoils. In vivo real-time imaging was performed using 2-photon laser-scanning 
      microscopy during the preoperative period, and after 1 day and 1 and 2 weeks of 
      bilateral common carotid artery stenosis or sham operations. RESULTS: Our method 
      allowed 3-dimensional observation of most of the components of the NVU, as well 
      as dynamic capillary microcirculation. Under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, we 
      did not detect any structural changes of each cellular component in the NVU; 
      however, impairment of microcirculation was detected over a prolonged period. In 
      the pial small arteries and veins, rolling and adhesion of leukocyte were 
      detected, more prominently in the latter. In the deep cortical capillaries, flow 
      stagnation because of leukocyte plugging was frequently observed. CONCLUSIONS: We 
      established an in vivo imaging method for real-time visualization of the NVU. It 
      seems that under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, leukocyte activation has a 
      critical role in microcirculation disturbance.
CI  - (c) 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.
FAU - Yata, Kenichiro
AU  - Yata K
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.). 
      ken-yata@mbk.nifty.com.
FAU - Nishimura, Yuhei
AU  - Nishimura Y
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Unekawa, Miyuki
AU  - Unekawa M
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Tomita, Yutaka
AU  - Tomita Y
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Suzuki, Norihiro
AU  - Suzuki N
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Tanaka, Toshio
AU  - Tanaka T
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Mizoguchi, Akira
AU  - Mizoguchi A
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
FAU - Tomimoto, Hidekazu
AU  - Tomimoto H
AD  - From the Department of Neurology (K.Y., H.T.), Department of Molecular and 
      Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics (Y.N., T.T.), and 
      Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication (A.M.), Mie University 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; and Department of Neurology, Keio 
      University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.U., Y.T., N.S.).
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141104
PL  - United States
TA  - Stroke
JT  - Stroke
JID - 0235266
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*pathology
MH  - Brain Ischemia/*pathology
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
MH  - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal/methods
MH  - Neuroimaging/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - astrocytes
OT  - leukocytes
OT  - microcirculation
OT  - microscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton
OT  - pericytes
EDAT- 2014/11/06 06:00
MHDA- 2015/01/22 06:00
CRDT- 2014/11/06 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/01/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - STROKEAHA.114.005891 [pii]
AID - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005891 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Stroke. 2014 Dec;45(12):3698-703. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005891. Epub 2014 
      Nov 4.