PMID- 25394294
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150707
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1555-0265 (Print)
IS  - 1555-0265 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015 May
TI  - Force-production asymmetry in male and female athletes of differing strength 
      levels.
PG  - 504-8
LID - 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0379 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the existence of bilateral 
      strength and force-production asymmetry and evaluate possible differences based 
      on sex, as well as strength level. Asymmetry was assessed during 
      weight-distribution (WtD) testing, unloaded and lightly loaded static- (SJ) and 
      countermovement-jump (CMJ) testing, and isometric midthigh-pull (IMTP) strength 
      testing. Subjects included 63 athletes (31 male, 32 female) for WtD, SJ, and CMJ 
      tests, while 129 athletes (64 male, 65 female) participated in IMTP testing. 
      Independent-samples t tests were used to determine possible differences in 
      asymmetry magnitude between males and females, as well as between strong and weak 
      athletes. Cohen d effect-size (ES) estimates were also used to estimate 
      difference magnitudes. Statistically different asymmetry levels with moderate to 
      strong ESs were seen between males and females in WtD, 0-kg SJ (peak force [PF]), 
      20-kg SJ (peak power [PP]), 0-kg CMJ (PF, PP, net impulse), and 20-kg CMJ (PF), 
      but no statistical differences were observed in IMTP variables. Dividing the 
      sample into strong and weak groups produced statistically significant differences 
      with strong ES estimates in IMTP PF and rate of force development, and many ESs 
      in jump symmetry variables increased. The results of this investigation indicate 
      that females may be more prone to producing forces asymmetrically than males 
      during WtD and jumping tasks. Similarly, weaker athletes displayed more asymmetry 
      than stronger athletes. This may indicate that absolute strength may play a 
      larger role in influencing asymmetry magnitude than sex.
FAU - Bailey, Christopher A
AU  - Bailey CA
AD  - Dept of Exercise Science, LaGrange College, LaGrange, GA.
FAU - Sato, Kimitake
AU  - Sato K
FAU - Burnett, Angus
AU  - Burnett A
FAU - Stone, Michael H
AU  - Stone MH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141113
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sports Physiol Perform
JT  - International journal of sports physiology and performance
JID - 101276430
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Athletes
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isometric Contraction/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle Strength/*physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Sports/*physiology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2014/11/14 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/08 06:00
CRDT- 2014/11/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - 2014-0379 [pii]
AID - 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0379 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2015 May;10(4):504-8. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0379. 
      Epub 2014 Nov 13.