PMID- 25404661
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150616
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 1935-5548 (Electronic)
IS  - 0149-5992 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 12
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Altered brain activation patterns under different working memory loads in 
      patients with type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 3157-63
LID - 10.2337/dc14-1683 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has important effects on cognition and 
      the risk for Alzheimer disease (AD). Working memory (WM) is a susceptible 
      cognitive domain of mild cognitive impairment and AD. Thus, the identification of 
      brain activation patterns under different WM loads can potentially enhance our 
      understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in T2DM. 
      RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The current study assessed the effects of T2DM on 
      cognitive performance and explored the related neuronal damage through a visual 
      n-back task and functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: We found that 
      patients with T2DM exhibited worse executive and memory abilities than control 
      subjects. Furthermore, the patterns of brain activation changed under different 
      WM loads in the T2DM patients, who exhibited reduced activation in the left 
      inferior frontal gyrus under low loads and reduced activation in the left middle 
      frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) under high loads. Thus, more 
      regions of diminished activation were seen in the frontal cortex with increasing 
      task difficulty. Furthermore, we found that lower SFG activation was associated 
      with worse cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate deficient WM 
      in patients with T2DM and the relation between cognitive function and degree of 
      neuronal activity and their relevance to AD risk. Further longitudinal studies 
      are needed to replicate these results and to evaluate the clinical value of brain 
      imaging methods in the prediction of disease progress in these patients.
CI  - (c) 2014 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long 
      as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the 
      work is not altered.
FAU - Chen, Yaojing
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Zhen
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Junying
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Xu, Kai
AU  - Xu K
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Zhang, Sisi
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Wei, Dongfeng
AU  - Wei D
AD  - Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing 
      Normal University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Zhang, Zhanjun
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern 
      Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China BABRI 
      Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Center for Collaboration and 
      Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 
      China Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of 
      Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China zhang_rzs@bnu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Care
JT  - Diabetes care
JID - 7805975
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Brain/*physiopathology
MH  - Brain Mapping/methods
MH  - Cognition/physiology
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/physiopathology/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory, Short-Term/*physiology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
EDAT- 2014/11/19 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/11/19 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - dc14-1683 [pii]
AID - 10.2337/dc14-1683 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3157-63. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1683.