PMID- 25409326
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150720
LR  - 20240314
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 11
DP  - 2014
TI  - Computational study of human head response to primary blast waves of five levels 
      from three directions.
PG  - e113264
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0113264 [doi]
LID - e113264
AB  - Human exposure to blast waves without any fragment impacts can still result in 
      primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI). To investigate the 
      mechanical response of human brain to primary blast waves and to identify the 
      injury mechanisms of bTBI, a three-dimensional finite element head model 
      consisting of the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, nasal cavity, and brain was 
      developed from the imaging data set of a human female. The finite element head 
      model was partially validated and was subjected to the blast waves of five blast 
      intensities from the anterior, right lateral, and posterior directions at a 
      stand-off distance of one meter from the detonation center. Simulation results 
      show that the blast wave directly transmits into the head and causes a pressure 
      wave propagating through the brain tissue. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is 
      predicted to have the highest magnitude from a posterior blast wave in comparison 
      with a blast wave from any of the other two directions with same blast intensity. 
      The brain model predicts higher positive pressure at the site proximal to blast 
      wave than that at the distal site. The intracranial pressure wave invariably 
      travels into the posterior fossa and vertebral column, causing high pressures in 
      these regions. The severities of cerebral contusions at different cerebral 
      locations are estimated using an ICP based injury criterion. Von Mises stress 
      prevails in the cortex with a much higher magnitude than in the internal 
      parenchyma. According to an axonal injury criterion based on von Mises stress, 
      axonal injury is not predicted to be a cause of primary brain injury from blasts.
FAU - Wang, Chenzhi
AU  - Wang C
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of 
      Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
FAU - Pahk, Jae Bum
AU  - Pahk JB
AD  - Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 
      Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
FAU - Balaban, Carey D
AU  - Balaban CD
AD  - University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
FAU - Miller, Mark C
AU  - Miller MC
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of 
      Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
FAU - Wood, Adam R
AU  - Wood AR
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of 
      Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
FAU - Vipperman, Jeffrey S
AU  - Vipperman JS
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of 
      Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20141119
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - Blast Injuries/*complications
MH  - Brain Injuries/etiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Computer Simulation
MH  - Female
MH  - Finite Element Analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intracranial Pressure
MH  - Models, Biological
PMC - PMC4237386
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/11/20 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/21 06:00
PMCR- 2014/11/19
CRDT- 2014/11/20 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/10/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/11/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/11/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-27246 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0113264 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Nov 19;9(11):e113264. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113264. 
      eCollection 2014.