PMID- 25425651 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150526 LR - 20220125 IS - 1468-2052 (Electronic) IS - 1359-2998 (Print) IS - 1359-2998 (Linking) VI - 100 IP - 2 DP - 2015 Mar TI - PaCO2 in surfactant, positive pressure, and oxygenation randomised trial (SUPPORT). PG - F145-9 LID - 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306802 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide PaCO2 with severe intraventricular haemorrhage (sIVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-22 months in premature infants. DESIGN: Secondary exploratory data analysis of Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomised Trial (SUPPORT). SETTING: Multiple referral neonatal intensive care units. PATIENTS: 1316 infants 24 0/7 to 27 6/7 weeks gestation randomised to different oxygenation (SpO2 target 85-89% vs 91-95%) and ventilation strategies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood gases from postnatal day 0 to day14 were analysed. Five PaCO2 variables were defined: minimum (Min), maximum (Max), SD, average (time-weighted), and a four level categorical variable (hypercapnic (highest quartile of Max PaCO2), hypocapnic (lowest quartile of Min PaCO2), fluctuators (hypercapnia and hypocapnia), and normocapnic (middle two quartiles of Max and Min PaCO2)). PaCO2 variables were compared for infants with and without sIVH, BPD and NDI (+/-death). Multivariable logistic regression models were developed for adjusted results. RESULTS: sIVH, BPD and NDI (+/-death) were associated with hypercapnic infants and fluctuators. Association of Max PaCO2 and outcomes persisted after adjustment (per 10 mm Hg increase: sIVH/death: OR 1.27 (1.13 to 1.41); BPD/death: OR 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44); NDI/death: OR 1.23 (1.10 to 1.38), death: OR 1.27 (1.12 to 1.44), all p<0.001). No interaction was found between PaCO2 category and SpO2 treatment group for sIVH/death, NDI/death or death. Max PaCO2 was positively correlated with maximum FiO2 (rs0.55, p<0.0001) and ventilator days (rs0.61, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Higher PaCO2 was an independent predictor of sIVH/death, BPD/death and NDI/death. Further trials are needed to evaluate optimal PaCO2 targets for high-risk infants. CI - Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. FAU - Ambalavanan, Namasivayam AU - Ambalavanan N AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. FAU - Carlo, Waldemar A AU - Carlo WA AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. FAU - Wrage, Lisa A AU - Wrage LA AD - Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. FAU - Das, Abhik AU - Das A AD - Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland, USA. FAU - Laughon, Matthew AU - Laughon M AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. FAU - Cotten, C Michael AU - Cotten CM AD - Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. FAU - Kennedy, Kathleen A AU - Kennedy KA AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. FAU - Laptook, Abbot R AU - Laptook AR AD - Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. FAU - Shankaran, Seetha AU - Shankaran S AD - Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. FAU - Walsh, Michele C AU - Walsh MC AD - Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. FAU - Higgins, Rosemary D AU - Higgins RD AD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. CN - SUPPORT Study Group of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network LA - eng GR - UL1 TR142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD053124/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD021364/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD21397/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD027851/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27851/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR442/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027856/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD40689/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD021373/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD021385/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR44/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR93/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD40492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD53119/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR59/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD053119/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR6022/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD53124/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD21364/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD34216/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR70/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD36790/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD053109/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD087229/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD40521/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR008084/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD053089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27904/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000093/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000442/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD53109/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040461/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD40498/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR016587/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD53089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27871/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR7122/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040689/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR64/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027853/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027904/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD021397/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27856/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD27853/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR39/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR30/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD40461/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD034216/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027871/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR001085/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR007122/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD027851/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD040492/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD021364/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD027880/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR80/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR16587/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR8084/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR54/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR997/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD21373/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD053109/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR750/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR000070/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD21385/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States GR - M01 RR32/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD034216/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD036790/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD040498/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UG1 HD068278/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - U10 HD053089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States GR - UL1 TR000371/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20141125 PL - England TA - Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed JT - Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition JID - 9501297 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (Pulmonary Surfactants) RN - 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide) SB - IM MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology/etiology MH - Carbon Dioxide/*blood MH - Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology/etiology MH - Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Hypercapnia/complications/epidemiology MH - Infant, Extremely Premature MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood/*therapy MH - Intensive Care Units, Neonatal MH - Male MH - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/*methods MH - Partial Pressure MH - Positive-Pressure Respiration/*methods MH - Prognosis MH - Pulmonary Surfactants/*therapeutic use MH - United States/epidemiology PMC - PMC4336211 MID - NIHMS658992 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Intensive Care OT - Mortality OT - Neonatology OT - Neurodisability OT - Respiratory COIS- Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose. 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Goldston, Laura A IR - Goldston LA FIR - Johnson, Mary E IR - Johnson ME FIR - Ehrenkranz, Richard A IR - Ehrenkranz RA FIR - Bhandari, Vineet IR - Bhandari V FIR - Jacobs, Harris C IR - Jacobs HC FIR - Cervone, Pat IR - Cervone P FIR - Gettner, Patricia IR - Gettner P FIR - Konstantino, Monica IR - Konstantino M FIR - Poulsen, JoAnn IR - Poulsen J FIR - Taft, Janet IR - Taft J FIR - Butler, Christine G IR - Butler CG FIR - Close, Nancy IR - Close N FIR - Gilliam, Walter IR - Gilliam W FIR - Greisman, Sheila IR - Greisman S FIR - Romano, Elaine IR - Romano E FIR - Williams, Joanne IR - Williams J EDAT- 2014/11/27 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/27 06:00 PMCR- 2016/03/01 CRDT- 2014/11/27 06:00 PHST- 2014/11/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/11/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/27 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - archdischild-2014-306802 [pii] AID - 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306802 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 Mar;100(2):F145-9. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306802. Epub 2014 Nov 25.