PMID- 25426078
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141126
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2014
TI  - Diabetes, pancreatic cancer, and metformin therapy.
PG  - 426
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2014.00426 [doi]
LID - 426
AB  - Pancreatic cancer carries a poor prognosis as most patients present with advanced 
      disease and preferred chemotherapy regimens offer only modest effects on 
      survival. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol, and chronic 
      pancreatitis. Pancreatic cancer has a complex relationship with diabetes, as 
      diabetes can be both a risk factor for pancreatic cancer and a result of 
      pancreatic cancer. Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and certain 
      hormones play an important role in promoting neoplasia in diabetics. Metformin 
      appears to reduce risk for pancreatic cancer and improve survival in diabetics 
      with pancreatic cancer primarily by decreasing insulin/IGF signaling, disrupting 
      mitochondrial respiration, and inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin 
      (mTOR) pathway. Other potential anti-tumorigenic effects of metformin include the 
      ability to downregulate specificity protein transcription factors and associated 
      genes, alter microRNAs, decrease cancer stem cell proliferation, and reduce DNA 
      damage and inflammation. Here, we review the most recent knowledge on risk 
      factors and treatment of pancreatic cancer and the relationship between diabetes, 
      pancreatic cancer, and metformin as a potential therapy.
FAU - Gong, Jun
AU  - Gong J
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 
      Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Robbins, Lori A
AU  - Robbins LA
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 
      Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Lugea, Aurelia
AU  - Lugea A
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 
      Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Waldron, Richard T
AU  - Waldron RT
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 
      Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Jeon, Christie Y
AU  - Jeon CY
AD  - Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 
      Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA.
FAU - Pandol, Stephen J
AU  - Pandol SJ
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA ; 
      Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of 
      Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 CA163200/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 DK041301/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AA019954/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20141107
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC4224068
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMPK
OT  - IGF-1
OT  - diabetes
OT  - insulin
OT  - mTOR
OT  - metformin
OT  - pancreatic cancer
EDAT- 2014/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/27 06:01
PMCR- 2014/11/07
CRDT- 2014/11/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/08/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/11/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2014.00426 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2014 Nov 7;5:426. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00426. eCollection 2014.