PMID- 25427939
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151013
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1423-0194 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-3835 (Print)
IS  - 0028-3835 (Linking)
VI  - 100
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014
TI  - Environmental stressors and epigenetic control of the 
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
PG  - 278-87
LID - 10.1159/000369585 [doi]
AB  - In this review, we provide a brief summary of several key studies that broaden 
      our understanding of stress and its epigenetic control of the function and 
      behavior of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Clinical and animal 
      studies suggest a link among exposure to stress, dysregulation of the HPA axis, 
      and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric illnesses. Recent studies have supported 
      the notion that exposure to glucocorticoids and stress in various forms, 
      durations, and intensities during different periods of development leads to 
      long-lasting maladaptive HPA axis response in the brain. They demonstrate that 
      this maladaptive response is comprised of persistent epigenetic changes in the 
      function of HPA axis-associated genes that govern homeostatic levels of 
      glucocorticoids. Stressors and/or disruption of glucocorticoid dynamics also 
      target genes such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and tyrosine 
      hydroxylase(TH) that are important for neuronal function and behavior. While a 
      definitive role for epigenetic mechanisms remains unclear, these emerging studies 
      implicate glucocorticoid signaling and its ability to alter the epigenetic 
      landscape as one of the key mechanisms that alter the function of the HPA axis 
      and its associated cascades. We also suggest some of the requisite studies and 
      techniques that are important, such as additional candidate gene approaches, 
      genome-wide epigenomic screens, and innovative functional and behavioral studies, 
      in order to further explore and define the relationship between epigenetics and 
      HPA axis biology. Additional studies examining stress-induced epigenetic changes 
      of HPA axis genes, aided by innovative techniques and methodologies, are needed 
      to advance our understanding of this relationship and lead to better preventive, 
      diagnostic, and corrective measures.
FAU - Lee, Richard S
AU  - Lee RS
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School 
      of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA.
FAU - Sawa, Akira
AU  - Sawa A
LA  - eng
GR  - P50 MH094268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-069853/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-092443/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH091230/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH069853/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 MH085226/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-084018/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-085226/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-094268/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - RC1 MH088753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-091230/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH092443/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 MH084018/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH-088753/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20141118
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuroendocrinology
JT  - Neuroendocrinology
JID - 0035665
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anxiety Disorders/genetics
MH  - Depressive Disorder/genetics
MH  - *Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*physiopathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Neurons/physiology
MH  - Pituitary-Adrenal System/*physiopathology
MH  - *Stress, Physiological
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
PMC - PMC4428760
MID - NIHMS687765
EDAT- 2014/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/16 06:00
PMCR- 2015/05/12
CRDT- 2014/11/28 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/11/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/05/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 000369585 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000369585 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroendocrinology. 2014;100(4):278-87. doi: 10.1159/000369585. Epub 2014 Nov 18.