PMID- 25434270
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150924
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 124
DP  - 2015 Apr
TI  - Aquatic hazard assessment of a commercial sample of naphthenic acids.
PG  - 1-9
LID - S0045-6535(14)01237-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.052 [doi]
AB  - This paper presents chemical composition and aquatic toxicity characteristics of 
      a commercial sample of naphthenic acids (NAs). Naphthenic acids are derived from 
      the refining of petroleum middle distillates and can contribute to refinery 
      effluent toxicity. NAs are also present in oil sands process-affected water 
      (OSPW), but differences in the NAs compositions from these sources precludes 
      using a common aquatic toxicity dataset to represent the aquatic hazards of NAs 
      from both origins. Our chemical characterization of a commercial sample of NAs 
      showed it to contain in order of abundance, 1-ring>2-ring>acyclic>3-ring acids 
      ( approximately 84%). Also present were monoaromatic acids (7%) and non-acids (9%, polyaromatic 
      hydrocarbons and sulfur heterocyclic compounds). While the acyclic acids were 
      only the third most abundant group, the five most abundant individual compounds 
      were identified as C(10-14) n-acids (n-decanoic acid to n-tetradecanoic acid). 
      Aquatic toxicity testing of fish (Pimephales promelas), invertebrate (Daphnia 
      magna), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) 
      showed P. promelas to be the most sensitive species with 96-h LL50=9.0 mg L(-1) 
      (LC50=5.6 mg L(-1)). Acute EL50 values for the other species ranged 24-46 mg 
      L(-1) (EC50 values ranged 20-30 mg L(-1)). Biomimetic extraction via 
      solid-phase-microextraction (BE-SPME) suggested a nonpolar narcosis mode of toxic 
      action for D. magna, P. subcapitata, and V. fischeri. The BE analysis 
      under-predicted fish toxicity, which indicates that a specific mode of action, 
      besides narcosis, may be a factor for fishes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Swigert, James P
AU  - Swigert JP
AD  - EcoTox Assessments, 506 Tenant Circle, Saint Michaels, MD 21663, USA. Electronic 
      address: jswigert@atlanticbb.net.
FAU - Lee, Carol
AU  - Lee C
AD  - ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
FAU - Wong, Diana C L
AU  - Wong DC
AD  - Shell Health Americas, One Shell Plaza, 910 Louisiana St, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
FAU - White, Russell
AU  - White R
AD  - American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
FAU - Scarlett, Alan G
AU  - Scarlett AG
AD  - Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 
      8AA, UK.
FAU - West, Charles E
AU  - West CE
AD  - Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 
      8AA, UK.
FAU - Rowland, Steven J
AU  - Rowland SJ
AD  - Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 
      8AA, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141127
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Carboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - YNM5U6B7A4 (naphthenic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aliivibrio fischeri/*drug effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carboxylic Acids/*toxicity
MH  - Chlorophyta/*drug effects
MH  - Cyprinidae/*physiology
MH  - Daphnia/*drug effects
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aquatic toxicity
OT  - Biomimetic extraction
OT  - GCxGC-MS
OT  - Naphthenic acids
EDAT- 2014/12/02 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/25 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/02 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/10/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/10/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/25 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(14)01237-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.052 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2015 Apr;124:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.052. Epub 2014 
      Nov 27.