PMID- 25443369
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150716
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1875-5364 (Electronic)
IS  - 1875-5364 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 10
DP  - 2014 Oct
TI  - Toxic effects of strychnine and strychnine N-oxide on zebrafish embryos.
PG  - 760-7
LID - S1875-5364(14)60116-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60116-3 [doi]
AB  - AIM: The application of strychnine (S) is limited due to its toxicity; strychnine 
      N-oxide (SNO) is a derivative of strychnine. The aim was to employ zebrafish 
      embryos to investigate and compare the developmental toxicity induced by S and 
      SNO. METHODS: The toxicity of S and SNO was examined through the hatching rate 
      and survival rate. Morphological changes of the zebrafish were observed with a 
      dissecting microscope. Apoptosis was detected through acridine orange (AO) 
      staining and flow cytometry. Apoptotic genes were measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: 
      Embryo malformation was observed in the embryos exposed to S at 200 mumol.L(-1). 
      When SNO concentration was increased to 1 mmol.L(-1), scoliolosis, and 
      pericardial edema could be seen in some embryos. Results from fluorescence 
      microscopy and flow cytometry analysis showed that S at 200 mumol.L(-1) induced 
      apoptosis, whereas the apoptotic rate in the SNO-treated group (200 mumol.L(-1)) 
      was much lower than that in the S group. RT-PCR analysis showed that p53 mRNA 
      expression and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in the S group were significantly altered 
      compared with the control group (*P < 0.05). Moreover, Bax mRNA expression in 
      both S and SNO group were significantly different from that in the control group 
      (**P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results lead to the conclusion that SNO has 
      significantly lower toxicity than S in zebrafish embryos.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 China Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All 
      rights reserved.
FAU - Li, Yu
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Processing, College of Pharmacy, 
      Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China; Department of 
      Preclinical Medicine, University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
FAU - Qi, Xu
AU  - Qi X
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing 
      Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
FAU - Yang, Yu-Wei
AU  - Yang YW
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Processing, College of Pharmacy, 
      Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
FAU - Pan, Yang
AU  - Pan Y
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Processing, College of Pharmacy, 
      Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
FAU - Bian, Hui-Min
AU  - Bian HM
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Processing, College of Pharmacy, 
      Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China. Electronic 
      address: hmbian@sina.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141031
PL  - China
TA  - Chin J Nat Med
JT  - Chinese journal of natural medicines
JID - 101504416
RN  - 0 (Cyclic N-Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Suppressor Protein p53)
RN  - 0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
RN  - 774C760V46 (strychnine N-oxide)
RN  - H9Y79VD43J (Strychnine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Cyclic N-Oxides/*toxicity
MH  - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*toxicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
MH  - Strychnine/*analogs & derivatives/*toxicity
MH  - Strychnos/adverse effects/*chemistry
MH  - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Strychnine
OT  - Strychnine N-oxide
OT  - Toxicity
OT  - Zebrafish embryos
EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2013/05/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1875-5364(14)60116-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60116-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chin J Nat Med. 2014 Oct;12(10):760-7. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60116-3. Epub 
      2014 Oct 31.