PMID- 25443665 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150811 LR - 20210429 IS - 1573-2509 (Electronic) IS - 0920-9964 (Print) IS - 0920-9964 (Linking) VI - 160 IP - 1-3 DP - 2014 Dec TI - Stress exposure and sensitivity in the clinical high-risk syndrome: initial findings from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). PG - 104-9 LID - S0920-9964(14)00483-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.017 [doi] AB - There is inconsistent evidence for increased stress exposure among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Yet similar to patients with a diagnosed psychotic illness, the preponderance of evidence suggests that CHR individuals tend to experience stressful life events (LE) and daily hassles (DH) as more subjectively stressful than healthy individuals. The present study utilizes data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 2 (NAPLS-2) to test the hypotheses that (1) CHR individuals manifest higher self-reported stress in response to both LE and DH when compared to healthy controls (HC), (2) group differences in self-reported stress increase with age, (3) baseline self-reported stress is associated with follow-up clinical status, and (4) there is a sensitization effect of LE on the response to DH. In contrast to some previous research, the present findings indicate that the CHR group (N=314) reported exposure to more LE when compared to the HC group (N=162). As predicted, CHR participants rated events as more stressful, and those who progressed to psychosis reported a greater frequency of LE and greater stress from events compared to those whose prodromal symptoms remitted. There was also some evidence of stress-sensitization; those who experienced more stress from LE rated current DH as more stressful. The results indicate that the "prodromal" phase is a period of heightened stress and stress sensitivity, and elevated cumulative lifetime exposure to stressful events may increase reactions to current stressors. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Trotman, Hanan D AU - Trotman HD AD - Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: htrotma@emory.edu. FAU - Holtzman, Carrie W AU - Holtzman CW AD - Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. FAU - Walker, Elaine F AU - Walker EF AD - Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. FAU - Addington, Jean M AU - Addington JM AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. FAU - Bearden, Carrie E AU - Bearden CE AD - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. FAU - Cadenhead, Kristin S AU - Cadenhead KS AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. FAU - Cannon, Tyrone D AU - Cannon TD AD - Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - Cornblatt, Barbara A AU - Cornblatt BA AD - Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, USA. FAU - Heinssen, Robert K AU - Heinssen RK AD - National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. FAU - Mathalon, Daniel H AU - Mathalon DH AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. FAU - Tsuang, Ming T AU - Tsuang MT AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. FAU - Perkins, Diana O AU - Perkins DO AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. FAU - Seidman, Larry J AU - Seidman LJ AD - Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. FAU - Woods, Scott W AU - Woods SW AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. FAU - McGlashan, Thomas H AU - McGlashan TH AD - Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. LA - eng GR - U01MH082004-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - MH081902/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 MH082022/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - K24MH76191/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01MH082022/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - K12 GM000680/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States GR - R01MH60720/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01MHMH081988/PHS HHS/United States GR - P50 MH080272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - SCDMH82101008006/PHS HHS/United States GR - U01MH081984/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 MH082004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - UO1 MH081857-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 MH081928/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - K23 MH001905/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 MH066069/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141107 PL - Netherlands TA - Schizophr Res JT - Schizophrenia research JID - 8804207 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Child MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Humans MH - Life Change Events MH - Longitudinal Studies MH - Male MH - *Prodromal Symptoms MH - Psychotic Disorders/*epidemiology MH - Resilience, Psychological MH - Risk MH - Self Report MH - Stress, Psychological/*epidemiology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4593703 MID - NIHMS641401 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Clinical high risk OT - Daily Stress Inventory OT - Daily hassles OT - PERI Life Events Scale OT - Prodrome OT - Stress EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/12 06:00 PMCR- 2015/12/01 CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/08/28 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/09/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/12 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0920-9964(14)00483-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.017 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Schizophr Res. 2014 Dec;160(1-3):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.017. Epub 2014 Nov 7.