PMID- 25446724 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150706 LR - 20181202 IS - 1532-8384 (Electronic) IS - 0010-440X (Linking) VI - 56 DP - 2015 Jan TI - The Yoruba version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale: psychometric characteristics and correlates of hopelessness in a sample of Nigerian psychiatric outpatients. PG - 258-71 LID - S0010-440X(14)00290-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.024 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Previous studies from the developed western countries have repeatedly demonstrated that hopelessness positively correlates with an increased risk of suicide in the context of chronic mental disorders such as schizophrenia and affective disorders. Despite this persistently strong association, the construct of hopelessness in terms of its factorial structure and correlates has not been explored among Nigerian psychiatric outpatients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study is to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Yoruba language culturally adapted version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in a cross-sectional sample of psychiatric outpatients in South-western Nigeria. METHOD: The participants were 327 Nigerian adult outpatients receiving treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar and depressive disorders, consecutively recruited from the outpatient psychiatric clinics of a university teaching hospital in South-western Nigeria. The outpatients were recruited over a one year period. They completed the Yoruba translated version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS-Y), a sociodemographic and illness-related questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Their level of functioning was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), psychopathology was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the level of disability measured with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-II). Suicidality and confirmation of the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar and depressive disorders were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The construct of hopelessness in terms of factorial structure, reliability, validity and correlates was explored. Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation was used to examine the factorial structure of the BHS-Y. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha, and the construct validity of the scale was assessed using correlational analyses with the MINI suicidality module, BDI-II, GAF and WHODAS-II domain scores. We also tested the hypothesis that a shortened version of the BHS-Y will possess psychometric properties similar to the 20 item version. RESULTS: Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation showed that the construct of hopelessness among our outpatients was best explained by a 3 factor model. Reliability of the translated version of the scale was adequate as indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. Construct validity was also satisfactory as reflected by the strong correlations with MINI suicidality, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Global Assessment of Functioning scores. The shortened 4 item single factor BHS-Y composed of items 8, 9, 13 and 15 demonstrated psychometric properties similar to those of the full item version. CONCLUSION: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (Yoruba Version) demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and therefore may be useful in measuring the construct of hopelessness and in clinical suicide risk assessments among Nigerian psychiatric outpatients. There is the need for more studies to further explore the psychometric features and correlates of this scale among other Nigerian ethnic groups in addition to other medical patients' populations. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Aloba, Olutayo AU - Aloba O AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Electronic address: alobatee2002@gmail.com. FAU - Akinsulore, Adesanmi AU - Akinsulore A AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. FAU - Mapayi, Boladale AU - Mapayi B AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. FAU - Oloniniyi, Ibiduniyi AU - Oloniniyi I AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. FAU - Mosaku, Kolawole AU - Mosaku K AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. FAU - Alimi, Taiwo AU - Alimi T AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. FAU - Esan, Olufemi AU - Esan O AD - Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20141002 PL - United States TA - Compr Psychiatry JT - Comprehensive psychiatry JID - 0372612 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Bipolar Disorder/ethnology/*physiopathology MH - Depressive Disorder/ethnology/*physiopathology MH - Factor Analysis, Statistical MH - Female MH - Hope/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nigeria/ethnology MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards MH - Psychometrics/*instrumentation MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Schizophrenia/ethnology/*physiopathology MH - Young Adult EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00 MHDA- 2015/07/07 06:00 CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/21 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/09/24 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/09/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/07/07 06:00 [medline] AID - S0010-440X(14)00290-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.024 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Compr Psychiatry. 2015 Jan;56:258-71. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.09.024. Epub 2014 Oct 2.