PMID- 25446827
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150723
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1873-2518 (Electronic)
IS  - 0264-410X (Print)
IS  - 0264-410X (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 50
DP  - 2014 Nov 28
TI  - The challenges and opportunities for the development of a T-cell epitope-based 
      herpes simplex vaccine.
PG  - 6733-45
LID - S0264-410X(14)01359-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.002 [doi]
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) infections have been 
      prevalent since the ancient Greek times. To this day, they still affect a 
      staggering number of over a billion individuals worldwide. HSV-1 infections are 
      predominant than HSV-2 infections and cause potentially blinding ocular herpes, 
      oro-facial herpes and encephalitis. HSV-2 infections cause painful genital 
      herpes, encephalitis, and death in newborns. While prophylactic and therapeutic 
      HSV vaccines remain urgently needed for centuries, their development has been 
      difficult. During the most recent National Institute of Health (NIH) workshop 
      titled "Next Generation Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines: The Challenges and 
      Opportunities", basic researchers, funding agencies, and pharmaceutical 
      representatives gathered: (i) to assess the status of herpes vaccine research; 
      and (ii) to identify the gaps and propose alternative approaches in developing a 
      safe and efficient herpes vaccine. One "common denominator" among previously 
      failed clinical herpes vaccine trials is that they either used a whole virus or a 
      whole viral protein, which contain both "pathogenic symptomatic" and "protective 
      asymptomatic" antigens and epitopes. In this report, we continue to advocate 
      developing "asymptomatic" epitope-based sub-unit vaccine strategies that 
      selectively incorporate "protective asymptomatic" epitopes which: (i) are 
      exclusively recognized by effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (TEM cells) 
      from "naturally" protected seropositive asymptomatic individuals; and (ii) 
      protect human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic animal models of ocular and 
      genital herpes. We review the role of animal models in herpes vaccine development 
      and discuss their current status, challenges, and prospects.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kuo, Tiffany
AU  - Kuo T
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, 
      University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA.
FAU - Wang, Christine
AU  - Wang C
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, 
      University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA.
FAU - Badakhshan, Tina
AU  - Badakhshan T
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, 
      University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA.
FAU - Chilukuri, Sravya
AU  - Chilukuri S
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, 
      University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA.
FAU - BenMohamed, Lbachir
AU  - BenMohamed L
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, 
      University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA; 
      Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 
      School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University 
      of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic 
      address: Lbenmoha@uci.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - EY019896/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY019896/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - EY024618/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY014900/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY024618/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20141016
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vaccine
JT  - Vaccine
JID - 8406899
RN  - 0 (Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte)
RN  - 0 (Herpesvirus Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Drug Discovery/methods
MH  - Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology
MH  - Herpes Genitalis/epidemiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Herpes Simplex/epidemiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Herpesvirus Vaccines/*immunology/*isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Simplexvirus/*immunology
PMC - PMC4254646
MID - NIHMS632791
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Asymptomatic
OT  - Clinical trials
OT  - Epitopes
OT  - Herpes simplex virus
OT  - Immunotherapeutic
OT  - Symptomatic
OT  - Vaccines
COIS- Conflict of Interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest 
      exists
EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/24 06:00
PMCR- 2014/12/03
CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/08/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0264-410X(14)01359-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vaccine. 2014 Nov 28;32(50):6733-45. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.002. Epub 
      2014 Oct 16.