PMID- 25458070
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160225
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1878-0938 (Electronic)
IS  - 1878-0938 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Jan-Feb
TI  - Age adjusted nationwide trends in the incidence of all cause and ST elevation 
      myocardial infarction associated cardiogenic shock based on gender and race in 
      the United States.
PG  - 2-5
LID - S1553-8389(14)00245-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.07.007 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent improvement in the care of patients with myocardial infarction 
      should lead to better outcome. The goal of this study was to evaluate the 
      incidence of all cause cardiogenic shock (CS) and CS occurring in the setting of 
      ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States. METHOD: The 
      Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was utilized to calculate the 
      age-adjusted incident rate of CS from 1996 to 2006 based on ICD-9 coding in the 
      setting of STEMI. Furthermore, we evaluated this trend based on race and gender. 
      RESULTS: A total population of 52,784,917 patients was available between 1996 and 
      2006. We found that the incidence of all cause CS has not changed over time. 
      However, in the setting of STEMI, CS has been declining slowly over the last 10 
      years. The age-adjusted rate for CS was 4.3 per 100,000 in 1996 which remained 
      steady with an incidence of 3.1 per 100.000 in 2006 (p<0.01). This decline was 
      persistent across different race or gender. However, African Americans and female 
      gender had persistently lower rate of CS. CONCLUSION: Advancement in the 
      treatment of acute STEMI has led to gradual reduction in the incidence of STEMI 
      related cardiogenic shock irrespective of ethnicities or gender suggesting 
      improving outcome of patients presenting with STEMI in recent years.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Movahed, Mohammad Reza
AU  - Movahed MR
AD  - CareMore Health Care Arizona; Division of Cardiology, The Southern Arizona VA 
      health Care system, Tucson, Arizona; Division of Cardiology, University of 
      Arizona Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona. Electronic address: rmova@aol.com.
FAU - Khan, Muhammad F
AU  - Khan MF
AD  - Division of Cardiology, The Southern Arizona VA health Care system, Tucson, 
      Arizona.
FAU - Hashemzadeh, Mehrnoosh
AU  - Hashemzadeh M
AD  - Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, 
      Arizona.
FAU - Hashemzadeh, Mehrtash
AU  - Hashemzadeh M
AD  - Department of Medicine, Long Beach VA Medical Center.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141022
PL  - United States
TA  - Cardiovasc Revasc Med
JT  - Cardiovascular revascularization medicine : including molecular interventions
JID - 101238551
SB  - IM
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis/*epidemiology/ethnology/therapy
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - *Racial Groups
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Sex Distribution
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Shock, Cardiogenic/diagnosis/*epidemiology/ethnology/prevention & control
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - United States/epidemiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acute coronary syndrome
OT  - Acute myocardial infarction
OT  - Coronary artery disease
OT  - Shock
EDAT- 2014/12/03 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/26 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/03 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1553-8389(14)00245-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.07.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2015 Jan-Feb;16(1):2-5. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.07.007. 
      Epub 2014 Oct 22.