PMID- 25466272
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150728
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1878-1705 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-5769 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Staphylococcal enterotoxin burden determines the type of T helper cell response 
      and pathology of the maxillary sinus mucosa in rabbits.
PG  - 633-41
AB  - Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) induces T lymphocyte activation along with nasal 
      allergic inflammation during rhinosinusitis, but it is under debate on which 
      types of T helper (Th) cells respond exclusively or whether they respond 
      synergically. We hypothesize that their responses may vary based on dose of SE. 
      To test this hypothesis, we initiated to determine the nature of the T cell 
      response and pathological feature upon repeated exposure to staphylococcal 
      enterotoxin A (SEA) at different doses in the maxillary sinus of rabbits. SEA 
      (0.6 or 60 ng) was instilled daily into the left maxillary sinus of rabbits for 
      28 days. The right maxillary sinus receiving normal saline was used as control. 
      Mucosal histological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine 
      blue staining. Tissue expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic 
      protein (ECP), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), and GATA binding protein 3 
      (GATA-3) were examined using immunohistochemistry. Mucosal levels of 
      representative pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA. SEA at 60 
      ng/day induced acute rhinosinusitis, as confirmed by CT scan. Histopathologic 
      examination revealed epithelial disruption, subepithelial edema, and inflammatory 
      cell infiltration. MPO and T-bet expression, as well as interleukin (IL)-2 and 
      interferon (IFN)-gamma levels, were up-regulated. However, 0.6 ng/day SEA did not 
      cause discharge. Histological examination revealed prominent eosinophilic 
      infiltration. ECP and GATA-3 expression, as well as IL-4 and IL-5 levels, were 
      increased at this lower dose. In conclusion, SEA induces acute rhinosinusitis 
      associated with a Th1-type immune response at high dose, and a predominantly 
      Th2-biased allergic inflammation at low dose.
FAU - Wei, Hongqi
AU  - Wei H
FAU - Yuan, Hui
AU  - Yuan H
FAU - Zhu, Zhengwen
AU  - Zhu Z
FAU - Liu, Zhiyong
AU  - Liu Z
FAU - Xin, Jie
AU  - Xin J
FAU - Wu, Xiaofan
AU  - Wu X
FAU - Cao, Zhongsheng
AU  - Cao Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int Immunopharmacol
JT  - International immunopharmacology
JID - 100965259
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 37337-57-8 (enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis/*immunology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Enterotoxins/immunology/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Maxillary Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Nasal Mucosa/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*drug effects/immunology
MH  - Th1 Cells/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
EDAT- 2014/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/29 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/10/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/10/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1567-5769(14)00398-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Dec;23(2):633-41. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.016.