PMID- 25471599
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150916
LR  - 20150122
IS  - 1438-2199 (Electronic)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 2
DP  - 2015 Feb
TI  - Leucine-enriched protein feeding does not impair exercise-induced free fatty acid 
      availability and lipid oxidation: beneficial implications for training in 
      carbohydrate-restricted states.
PG  - 407-16
LID - 10.1007/s00726-014-1876-y [doi]
AB  - Given that the enhanced oxidative adaptations observed when training in 
      carbohydrate (CHO)-restricted states is potentially regulated through free fatty 
      acid (FFA)-mediated signalling and that leucine-rich protein elevates muscle 
      protein synthesis, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that 
      leucine-enriched protein feeding enhances circulating leucine concentration but 
      does not impair FFA availability or whole body lipid oxidation during exercise. 
      Nine males cycled for 2 h at 70% VO2peak when fasted (PLACEBO) or having consumed 
      a whey protein solution (WHEY) or a leucine-enriched whey protein gel (GEL), 
      administered as 22 g 1 h pre-exercise, 11 g/h during and 22 g 30 min 
      post-exercise. Total leucine administration was 14.4 g and 6.3 in GEL and WHEY, 
      respectively. Mean plasma leucine concentrations were elevated in GEL (P = 0.001) 
      compared with WHEY and PLACEBO (375 +/- 100, 272 +/- 51, 146 +/- 14 micromol L(-1), 
      respectively). No differences (P = 0.153) in plasma FFA (WHEY 0.53 +/- 0.30, GEL 
      0.45 +/- 0.25, PLACEBO 0.65 +/- 0.30, mmol L(-1)) or whole body lipid oxidation 
      during exercise (WHEY 0.37 +/- 0.26, GEL 0.36 +/- 0.24, PLACEBO 0.34 +/- 0.24 g/min) 
      were apparent between trials, despite elevated (P = 0.001) insulin in WHEY and 
      GEL compared with PLACEBO (38 +/- 16, 35 +/- 16, 22 +/- 11 pmol L(-1), respectively). 
      We conclude that leucine-enriched protein feeding does not impair FFA 
      availability or whole body lipid oxidation during exercise, thus having practical 
      applications for athletes who deliberately train in CHO-restricted states to 
      promote skeletal muscle adaptations.
FAU - Impey, Samuel G
AU  - Impey SG
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
FAU - Smith, Dominic
AU  - Smith D
FAU - Robinson, Amy L
AU  - Robinson AL
FAU - Owens, Daniel J
AU  - Owens DJ
FAU - Bartlett, Jonathan D
AU  - Bartlett JD
FAU - Smith, Kenneth
AU  - Smith K
FAU - Limb, Marie
AU  - Limb M
FAU - Tang, Jonathan
AU  - Tang J
FAU - Fraser, William D
AU  - Fraser WD
FAU - Close, Graeme L
AU  - Close GL
FAU - Morton, James P
AU  - Morton JP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141204
PL  - Austria
TA  - Amino Acids
JT  - Amino acids
JID - 9200312
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
MH  - Dietary Proteins/*administration & dosage
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/*blood
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leucine/*administration & dosage/*blood
MH  - Lipid Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Male
EDAT- 2014/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/17 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/05 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00726-014-1876-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Amino Acids. 2015 Feb;47(2):407-16. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1876-y. Epub 2014 Dec 
      4.