PMID- 25475744
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150709
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1472-6882 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6882 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2014 Dec 5
TI  - In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird's nest 
      following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion.
PG  - 468
LID - 10.1186/1472-6882-14-468 [doi]
LID - 468
AB  - BACKGROUND: Edible birds' nest (EBN) is reported to be antioxidant-rich. However, 
      the fate of its antioxidants after oral consumption is not yet reported. To 
      explore this, we hypothesized that EBN antioxidants are released from their 
      matrix when subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. METHODS: 
      EBN samples were extracted using hot water (100 degrees C) with or without subsequent 
      sequential enzymatic digestion using pepsin (10,000 units), pancreatin (36 mg) 
      and bile extracts (112.5 mg). Additionally, pH changes (8.9 to 2 and back to 8.9) 
      similar to the gut were applied, and a 10 KDa dialysis tubing was used to 
      simulate gut absorption. The antioxidant capacities of the water extracts of EBN 
      before and after digestion were then determined using ABTS and oxygen radical 
      absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while the protective effects of the EBN 
      samples against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in HEPG2 cells were determined 
      using MTT assay and acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. RESULTS: 
      Antioxidant assays (ABTS and ORAC) showed that the undigested EBN water extract 
      had little antioxidant activity (1 and 1%, respectively at 1000 mug/mL) while at 
      similar concentrations the digested samples had significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced 
      antioxidant activities, for samples inside (38 and 50%, respectively at 1000 
      mug/mL) and outside (36 and 50%, respectively at 1000 mug/mL) the dialysis tubing, 
      representing absorbed and unabsorbed samples, respectively. Cell viability and 
      toxicity assays also suggested that the EBN extracts were non-toxic to HEPG2 
      cells (cell viabilities of over 80% at 1000 mug/mL), while AOPI showed that the 
      extracts protected HEPG2 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced-toxicity. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, it is likely that EBN bioactives are released 
      from their matrix when digested in the gut and then absorbed through the gut by 
      passive-mediated transport to exert their functional effects. However, there is 
      need to confirm these findings using in vivo systems to determine their clinical 
      significance.
FAU - Yida, Zhang
AU  - Yida Z
FAU - Imam, Mustapha Umar
AU  - Imam MU
FAU - Ismail, Maznah
AU  - Ismail M
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra 
      Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. maznahis@upm.edu.my.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141205
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Complement Altern Med
JT  - BMC complementary and alternative medicine
JID - 101088661
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Benzothiazoles)
RN  - 0 (Biological Products)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonic Acids)
RN  - 28752-68-3 (2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid)
RN  - BBX060AN9V (Hydrogen Peroxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Benzothiazoles/metabolism
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Biological Products/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - *Birds
MH  - Cell Survival/*drug effects
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract
MH  - Hep G2 Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Saliva/chemistry
MH  - Sulfonic Acids/metabolism
PMC - PMC4289220
EDAT- 2014/12/06 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/15 06:00
PMCR- 2014/12/05
CRDT- 2014/12/06 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1472-6882-14-468 [pii]
AID - 2069 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1472-6882-14-468 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 5;14:468. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-468.