PMID- 25479904
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160204
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1297-9716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0928-4249 (Print)
IS  - 0928-4249 (Linking)
VI  - 45
DP  - 2014 Dec 6
TI  - Cytokine profiles in pregnant gilts experimentally infected with porcine 
      reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and relationships with viral load and 
      fetal outcome.
PG  - 113
LID - 10.1186/s13567-014-0113-8 [doi]
LID - 113
AB  - In spite of extensive research, immunologic control mechanisms against Porcine 
      Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) remain poorly understood. 
      Cytokine responses have been exhaustively studied in nursery pigs and show 
      contradictory results. Since no detailed reports on cytokine responses to PRRSv 
      in pregnant females exist, the objectives of this study were to compare host 
      cytokine responses between PRRSv-infected and non-infected pregnant gilts, and to 
      investigate relationships between cytokine levels in infected gilts and viral 
      load or fetal mortality rate. Serum samples and supernatants of peripheral blood 
      mononuclear cells (PBMC) either stimulated with PRRSv or phorbol myristate 
      acetate/Ionomycin (PMA/Iono) were analyzed for cytokines/chemokines: interleukins 
      (IL) 1-beta (IL1beta), IL4, IL8, IL10, IL12, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon 
      alpha (IFNalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Three cytokines (IFNalpha, CCL2, IFNgamma) in 
      gilt serum differed significantly in inoculated versus control gilts over time. 
      In supernatants of PRRSv stimulated PBMC from PRRSv-infected gilts, levels of 
      IFNalpha were significantly decreased, while IL8 secretion was significantly 
      increased. PRRSv infection altered the secretion of all measured cytokines, with 
      the exception of IFNalpha, from PBMC after mitogen stimulation, indicating a possible 
      immunomodulatory effect of PRRSv. IFNalpha, CCL2, and IFNgamma in serum, and IFNgamma in 
      supernatants of PMA/Iono stimulated PBMC were significantly associated with viral 
      load in tissues, serum or both. However, only IFNalpha in supernatants of PRRSv 
      stimulated PBMC was significantly associated with fetal mortality rate. We 
      conclude that of the eight cytokines tested in this study IFNalpha was the best 
      indicator of viral load and severity of reproductive PRRSv infection.
FAU - Ladinig, Andrea
AU  - Ladinig A
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 
      andrea.ladinig@usask.ca.
FAU - Lunney, Joan K
AU  - Lunney JK
AD  - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville 
      Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA. 
      joan.lunney@ars.usda.gov.
FAU - Souza, Carlos J H
AU  - Souza CJ
AD  - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville 
      Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA. 
      carlos.hoff-souza@embrapa.br.
AD  - EMBRAPA Pesca e Aquicultura, Palmas, TO, Brazil. carlos.hoff-souza@embrapa.br.
FAU - Ashley, Carolyn
AU  - Ashley C
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 
      carolyn.ashley@usask.ca.
FAU - Plastow, Graham
AU  - Plastow G
AD  - Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of 
      Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 
      AB, Canada. graham.plastow@ales.ualberta.ca.
FAU - Harding, John C S
AU  - Harding JC
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 
      john.harding@usask.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141206
PL  - England
TA  - Vet Res
JT  - Veterinary research
JID - 9309551
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 56092-81-0 (Ionomycin)
RN  - NI40JAQ945 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Ionomycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/blood/*immunology/virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Swine
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology
MH  - *Viral Load
PMC - PMC4333882
EDAT- 2014/12/07 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/05 06:00
PMCR- 2014/12/06
CRDT- 2014/12/07 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/10/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s13567-014-0113-8 [pii]
AID - 113 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13567-014-0113-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vet Res. 2014 Dec 6;45:113. doi: 10.1186/s13567-014-0113-8.