PMID- 25484869
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141208
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2014
TI  - Muscle metabolic remodeling in response to endurance exercise in salmonids.
PG  - 452
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2014.00452 [doi]
LID - 452
AB  - Phenotypic plasticity of skeletal muscle is relevant to swimming performance and 
      metabolism in fishes, especially those that undergo extreme locomotory feats, 
      such as seasonal migration. However, the influence of endurance exercise and the 
      molecular mechanisms coordinating this remodeling are not well understood. The 
      present study examines muscle metabolic remodeling associated with endurance 
      exercise in fed rainbow trout as compared to migrating salmon. Trout were swum 
      for 4 weeks at 1.5 BL/s, a speed similar to that of migrating salmon and red and 
      white muscles were sampled after each week. We quantified changes in key enzymes 
      in aerobic and carbohydrate metabolism [citrate synthase (CS), beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA 
      dehydrogenase (HOAD), hexokinase (HK)] and changes in mRNA expression of major 
      regulators of metabolic phenotype (AMPK, PPARs) and lipid (carnitine 
      palmitoyltransferase, CPT I), protein (aspartate aminotransferase, AST) and 
      carbohydrate (HK) oxidation pathways. After 1 week of swimming substantial 
      increases were seen in AMPK and PPARalpha mRNA expression and of their downstream 
      target genes, CPTI and HK in red muscle. However, significant changes in CS and 
      HK activity occurred only after 4 weeks. In contrast, there were few changes in 
      mRNA expression and enzyme activities in white muscle over the 4-weeks. Red 
      muscle results mimic those found in migrating salmon suggesting a strong 
      influence of exercise on red muscle phenotype. In white muscle, only changes in 
      AMPK and PPAR expression were similar to that seen with migrating salmon. 
      However, in contrast to exercise alone, in natural migration HK decreased while 
      AST increased suggesting that white muscle plays a role in supplying fuel and 
      intermediates possibly through tissue breakdown during prolonged fasting. 
      Dissecting individual and potentially synergistic effects of multiple stressors 
      will enable us to determine major drivers of the metabolic phenotype and their 
      impacts on whole animal performance.
FAU - Morash, Andrea J
AU  - Morash AJ
AD  - Department of Biology, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada ; Institute for 
      Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia.
FAU - Vanderveken, Mark
AU  - Vanderveken M
AD  - Department of Biology, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
FAU - McClelland, Grant B
AU  - McClelland GB
AD  - Department of Biology, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141121
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC4240067
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - endurance exercise
OT  - fuel selection
OT  - metabolism
OT  - migration
OT  - muscle remodeling
OT  - salmonids
EDAT- 2014/12/09 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/09 06:01
PMCR- 2014/11/21
CRDT- 2014/12/09 06:00
PHST- 2014/09/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/11/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/11/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2014.00452 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2014 Nov 21;5:452. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00452. eCollection 
      2014.