PMID- 25488636 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160115 LR - 20220408 IS - 1873-4758 (Electronic) IS - 0955-3959 (Print) IS - 0955-3959 (Linking) VI - 26 IP - 5 DP - 2015 May TI - Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk. PG - 516-21 LID - S0955-3959(14)00292-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.011 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: HIV research in Vietnam has focused primarily on its large heroin injector population. Data on men who have sex with men [MSM], particularly the large and growing population of men who exchange sex for money or other material rewards, male sex workers [MSWs], is very limited. METHODS: Data derive from a cross-sectional study of MSW, age 16-35, recruited using community sampling methods in three cities in 2010-2011, including Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City [HCMC], and Nha Trang City (n=710). Assessments included demographic characteristics, substance use, sexual risk, and use of health services. A series of "event" questions were used to assess the influence of alcohol and drugs on sexual risk. RESULTS: Both tobacco and alcohol are initiated at a young age and most participants currently use both substances overall across all three cities. While alcohol and tobacco use precede the initiation of sex work, stimulant and opiate use are initiated following the initiation of sex work. There was substantial overlap between substance use and sexual risk, and this overlap was strongest in sexual events involving male and female elective partners rather than sex work clients. CONCLUSION: Although rates of HIV infection in this group are low, this may be an artifact of the young age of the sample. High rates of drug use, including alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, coupled with high rates of ulcerative STIs such as HPV, suggest the potential for rapid amplification of STI/HIV risk among MSW and their complex sex partnering networks. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Yu, Gary AU - Yu G AD - New York University College of Nursing, 726 Broadway, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10003, United States. Electronic address: gy9@nyu.edu. FAU - Clatts, Michael C AU - Clatts MC AD - School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Center, San Juan, PR, United States. FAU - Goldsamt, Lloyd A AU - Goldsamt LA AD - New York University College of Nursing, 726 Broadway, 10th Floor, New York, NY 10003, United States. FAU - Giang, Le M AU - Giang le M AD - Center for Research and Training on HIV/AIDS, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Room 601, Building A1, Hanoi, Viet Nam. LA - eng GR - T32 DA007233/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - P30 DA011041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA022170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - R01 DA033673/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States GR - DA022170/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20141108 PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Drug Policy JT - The International journal on drug policy JID - 9014759 SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Age of Onset MH - Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology MH - Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Sex Workers/psychology/*statistics & numerical data MH - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology MH - Tobacco Use/epidemiology MH - Unsafe Sex/psychology/statistics & numerical data MH - Vietnam/epidemiology MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC4397118 MID - NIHMS641543 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Male sex work OT - Onset of drug and sexual risk OT - Vietnam EDAT- 2014/12/10 06:00 MHDA- 2016/01/16 06:00 PMCR- 2016/05/01 CRDT- 2014/12/10 06:00 PHST- 2014/06/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/10/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/10/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/01/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2016/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0955-3959(14)00292-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Drug Policy. 2015 May;26(5):516-21. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.011. Epub 2014 Nov 8.