PMID- 25489401
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141209
LR  - 20200929
IS  - 1976-1457 (Print)
IS  - 2005-6168 (Electronic)
IS  - 1976-1457 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Cholesterol-induced inflammation and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is 
      reduced by a low carbohydrate diet in guinea pigs.
PG  - 625-31
LID - 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.625 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the 
      effects of a high cholesterol (HC) dietary challenge on cholesterol tissue 
      accumulation, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and macrophage 
      infiltration in guinea pigs. A second objective was to assess whether 
      macronutrient manipulation would reverse these metabolic alterations. 
      MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Hartley guinea pigs (10/group) were assigned to either 
      low cholesterol (LC) (0.04g/100g) or high cholesterol (HC) (0.25g/100g) diets for 
      six weeks. For the second experiment, 20 guinea pigs were fed the HC diet for six 
      weeks and then assigned to either a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet (L-CHO) (10% 
      energy from CHO) or a high CHO diet (H-CHO) (54% CHO) for an additional six 
      weeks. RESULTS: Higher concentrations of total (P < 0.005) and free (P < 0.05) 
      cholesterol were observed in both adipose tissue and aortas of guinea pigs fed 
      the HC compared to those in the LC group. In addition, higher concentrations of 
      pro-inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue (P < 0.005) and lower 
      concentrations of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 were observed in the HC 
      group (P < 0.05) compared to the LC group. Of particular interest, adipocytes in 
      the HC group were smaller in size (P < 0.05) and showed increased macrophage 
      infiltration compared to the LC group. When compared to the H-CHO group, lower 
      concentrations of cholesterol in both adipose and aortas as well as lower 
      concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue were observed in the 
      L-CHO group (P < 0.05). In addition, guinea pigs fed the L-CHO exhibited larger 
      adipose cells and lower macrophage infiltration compared to the H-CHO group. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study strongly suggest that HC induces metabolic 
      dysregulation associated with inflammation in adipose tissue and that L-CHO is 
      more effective than H-CHO in attenuating these detrimental effects.
FAU - Aguilar, David
AU  - Aguilar D
AD  - Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn 
      Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA.
FAU - deOgburn, Ryan C
AU  - deOgburn RC
AD  - Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn 
      Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA.
FAU - Volek, Jeff S
AU  - Volek JS
AD  - Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn 
      Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA. ; Department of Kinesiology, University 
      of Connecticut, USA.
FAU - Fernandez, Maria Luz
AU  - Fernandez ML
AD  - Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn 
      Road Ext, U 4017, Storrs, CT 6269, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141101
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Nutr Res Pract
JT  - Nutrition research and practice
JID - 101311052
PMC - PMC4252521
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adipose
OT  - dietary cholesterol
OT  - guinea pigs
OT  - high carbohydrate
OT  - inflammation
EDAT- 2014/12/10 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/10 06:01
PMCR- 2014/12/01
CRDT- 2014/12/10 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.625 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Dec;8(6):625-31. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.625. Epub 2014 
      Nov 1.