PMID- 25495492
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160706
LR  - 20151104
IS  - 1460-2202 (Electronic)
IS  - 0271-3683 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015
TI  - First responders: dynamics of pre-gliotic Muller cell responses in the isolated 
      adult rat retina.
PG  - 1245-60
LID - 10.3109/02713683.2014.988360 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To explore the early reactions of the retinal Muller glia in response to 
      retinal insult prior to gliotic remodeling and the sustained upregulation of 
      intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which has 
      traditionally been considered the most sensitive early indicator of reactive 
      gliosis. METHODS: To study pre-gliotic events, we used a model of adult rat 
      retinal explants and related the dynamic expression of GFAP as well as apoptosis, 
      to four key regulators of retinal homeostasis (glutamine synthetase (GS), 
      cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), basic fibroblast growth factor 
      (bFGF), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We 
      found that a sustained GFAP upregulation couple with gliotic remodeling occurred 
      comparatively late and that this phenomenon was preceded by an initial 
      upregulation followed by depletion of GS, CRALBP, bFGF and CAII in retinal Muller 
      cells. The initial increase of the regulatory proteins, seen after 1-12 h, 
      preceded a first phase of moderate apoptosis, and their depletion after 48 h was 
      followed by massive apoptosis and widespread GFAP upregulation in the Muller 
      cells at 5 days. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in the explant model, changes in 
      the expression of the four homeostatic regulatory proteins as well as apoptotic 
      cell death precedes sustained GFAP upregulation and reactive gliosis. Muller cell 
      reactivity has been linked to several retinal conditions, and the herein provided 
      novel information on the dynamics of pre-gliotic events in the lesioned retina 
      may help us understand important pathological mechanisms crucial for future 
      therapeutic intervention.
FAU - Taylor, Linnea
AU  - Taylor L
AD  - a Department of Ophthalmology , Lund University Hospital , Lund , Sweden.
FAU - Arner, Karin
AU  - Arner K
AD  - a Department of Ophthalmology , Lund University Hospital , Lund , Sweden.
FAU - Ghosh, Fredrik
AU  - Ghosh F
AD  - a Department of Ophthalmology , Lund University Hospital , Lund , Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141211
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Eye Res
JT  - Current eye research
JID - 8104312
RN  - 0 (11-cis-retinal-binding protein)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
RN  - 103107-01-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.- (Carbonic Anhydrase II)
RN  - EC 6.3.1.2 (Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Carbonic Anhydrase II/*metabolism
MH  - Carrier Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Ependymoglial Cells/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MH  - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/*metabolism
MH  - Gliosis/metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/*metabolism
MH  - In Situ Nick-End Labeling
MH  - Organ Culture Techniques
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Up-Regulation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adult retina
OT  - GFAP
OT  - Muller cells
OT  - pre-gliotic
OT  - retinal explants
OT  - retinal injury
EDAT- 2014/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/07 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/02713683.2014.988360 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Eye Res. 2015;40(12):1245-60. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.988360. Epub 2014 
      Dec 11.