PMID- 25496978
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151228
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1873-507X (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-9384 (Linking)
VI  - 140
DP  - 2015 Mar 1
TI  - Immobility behavior during the forced swim test correlates with BNDF levels in 
      the frontal cortex, but not with cognitive impairments.
PG  - 79-88
LID - S0031-9384(14)00627-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.024 [doi]
AB  - The forced swim test (FST) is widely used to evaluate the antidepressant-like 
      activity of compounds and is sensitive to stimuli that cause depression-like 
      behaviors in rodents. The immobility behavior observed during the test has been 
      considered to represent behavioral despair. In addition, some studies suggest 
      that the FST impairs rats' performance on cognitive tests, but these findings 
      have rarely been explored. Thus, we investigated the effects of the FST on 
      behavioral tests related to neuropsychiatric diseases that involve different 
      cognitive components: novel object recognition (NOR), the object location test 
      (OLT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 
      levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. The rats were forced 
      to swim twice (15-min session followed by a 5-min session 24h later) and 
      underwent cognitive tests 24h after the last swimming exposure. The FST impaired 
      the rats' performance on the OLT and reduced the PPI and acoustic startle 
      responses, whereas the NOR was not affected. The cognitive impairments were not 
      correlated with an immobility behavior profile, but a significant negative 
      correlation between the frontal BDNF levels and immobility behavior was 
      identified. These findings suggest a protective role of BDNF against behavioral 
      despair and demonstrate a deleterious effect of the FST on spatial memory and 
      pre-attentive processes, which point to the FST as a tool to induce cognitive 
      impairments analogous to those observed in depression and in other 
      neuropsychiatric disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Borsoi, Milene
AU  - Borsoi M
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do 
      Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Antonio, Camila Boque
AU  - Antonio CB
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio 
      Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Viana, Alice Fialho
AU  - Viana AF
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio 
      Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Nardin, Patricia
AU  - Nardin P
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do 
      Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, ZIP code 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Goncalves, Carlos-Alberto
AU  - Goncalves CA
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do 
      Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 
      Graduate Studies Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do 
      Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, ZIP code 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Rates, Stela Maris Kuze
AU  - Rates SM
AD  - Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do 
      Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 
      Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio 
      Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 
      Electronic address: stela.rates@ufrgs.br.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20141210
PL  - United States
TA  - Physiol Behav
JT  - Physiology & behavior
JID - 0151504
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acoustic Stimulation
MH  - Acoustics
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*etiology
MH  - Exploratory Behavior/physiology
MH  - Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic/*physiology
MH  - Frontal Lobe/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Prepulse Inhibition/physiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Recognition, Psychology
MH  - Statistics as Topic
MH  - *Stress, Physiological
MH  - Swimming/*psychology
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acoustic startle response
OT  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - Forced swimming stress
OT  - Novel object recognition
OT  - Object location test
OT  - Prepulse inhibition
EDAT- 2014/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/29 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/12/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0031-9384(14)00627-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.024 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Physiol Behav. 2015 Mar 1;140:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.024. Epub 
      2014 Dec 10.