PMID- 25500251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150902
LR  - 20150105
IS  - 1879-1166 (Electronic)
IS  - 0198-8859 (Linking)
VI  - 76
IP  - 1
DP  - 2015 Jan
TI  - Seven novel HLA alleles reflect different mechanisms involved in the evolution of 
      HLA diversity: description of the new alleles and review of the literature.
PG  - 30-5
LID - S0198-8859(14)00507-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.007 [doi]
AB  - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are among the most polymorphic genes in 
      the human genome. The diversity of these genes is thought to be generated by 
      different mechanisms including point mutation, gene conversion and crossing-over. 
      During routine HLA typing, we discovered seven novel HLA alleles which were 
      probably generated by different evolutionary mechanisms. HLA-B*41:21, 
      HLA-DQB1*02:10 and HLA-DQA1*01:12 likely emerged from the common alleles of their 
      groups by point mutations, all of which caused non-synonymous amino acid 
      substitutions. In contrast, a deletion of one nucleotide leading to a frame shift 
      with subsequent generation of a stop codon is responsible for the appearance of a 
      null allele, HLA-A*01:123N. Whereas HLA-B*35:231 and HLA-B*53:31 were probably 
      products of intralocus gene conversion between HLA-B alleles, HLA-C*07:294 
      presumably evolved by interlocus gene conversion between an HLA-C and an HLA-B 
      allele. Our analysis of these novel alleles illustrates the different mechanisms 
      which may have contributed to the evolution of HLA polymorphism.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Adamek, Martina
AU  - Adamek M
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Klages, Cornelia
AU  - Klages C
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Bauer, Manuela
AU  - Bauer M
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Kudlek, Evelina
AU  - Kudlek E
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Drechsler, Alina
AU  - Drechsler A
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Leuser, Birte
AU  - Leuser B
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Scherer, Sabine
AU  - Scherer S
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Opelz, Gerhard
AU  - Opelz G
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Tran, Thuong Hien
AU  - Tran TH
AD  - Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of 
      Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: 
      hien.tran@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20141211
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Immunol
JT  - Human immunology
JID - 8010936
RN  - 0 (HLA-A Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-B Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-C Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ alpha-Chains)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQ beta-Chains)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQA1 antigen)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DQB1 antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Alleles
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Crossing Over, Genetic
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Exons
MH  - Gene Conversion
MH  - HLA-A Antigens/*genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA-B Antigens/*genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/*genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA-DQ beta-Chains/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - *Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Tissue Donors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gene conversion
OT  - Human leukocyte antigen
OT  - New alleles
OT  - Polymorphism
OT  - Recombination
EDAT- 2014/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/04 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/02/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/05/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/12/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/12/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0198-8859(14)00507-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Immunol. 2015 Jan;76(1):30-5. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.007. Epub 2014 
      Dec 11.