PMID- 25501334 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150818 LR - 20181113 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 12 DP - 2014 Dec 9 TI - 14-3-3 proteins participate in light signaling through association with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs. PG - 22801-14 LID - 10.3390/ijms151222801 [doi] AB - 14-3-3 proteins are regulatory proteins found in all eukaryotes and are known to selectively interact with phosphorylated proteins to regulate physiological processes. Through an affinity purification screening, many light-related proteins were recovered as 14-3-3 candidate binding partners. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that the 14-3-3 kappa isoform (14-3-3kappa) could bind to PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). Further analysis by in vitro pull-down assay confirmed the interaction between 14-3-3kappa and PIF3. Interruption of putative phosphorylation sites on the 14-3-3 binding motifs of PIF3 was not sufficient to inhibit 14-3-3kappa from binding or to disturb nuclear localization of PIF3. It was also indicated that 14-3-3kappa could bind to other members of the PIF family, such as PIF1 and PIF6, but not to LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED1 (HFR1). 14-3-3 mutants, as well as the PIF3 overexpressor, displayed longer hypocotyls, and a pif3 mutant displayed shorter hypocotyls than the wild-type in red light, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are positive regulators of photomorphogenesis and function antagonistically with PIF3. Consequently, our results indicate that 14-3-3 proteins bind to PIFs and initiate photomorphogenesis in response to a light signal. FAU - Adams, Eri AU - Adams E AD - RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. eri.adams@riken.jp. FAU - Diaz, Celine AU - Diaz C AD - RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. celine.diaz@cragenomica.es. FAU - Hong, Jong-Pil AU - Hong JP AD - RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. jongpil.hong@riken.jp. FAU - Shin, Ryoung AU - Shin R AD - RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ryoung.shin@riken.jp. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141209 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (14-3-3 Proteins) RN - 0 (Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors) RN - 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome) SB - IM MH - 14-3-3 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism MH - Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism/radiation effects MH - Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*metabolism MH - *Light MH - Models, Biological MH - Mutation MH - Phenotype MH - Photosynthesis MH - Phytochrome/*metabolism MH - Protein Binding MH - Protein Interaction Mapping MH - Protein Transport MH - Signal Transduction/*radiation effects MH - Two-Hybrid System Techniques PMC - PMC4284738 EDAT- 2014/12/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/19 06:00 PMCR- 2014/12/01 CRDT- 2014/12/16 06:00 PHST- 2014/10/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/11/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/12/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/12/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms151222801 [pii] AID - ijms-15-22801 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms151222801 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Dec 9;15(12):22801-14. doi: 10.3390/ijms151222801.