PMID- 25514483
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150930
LR  - 20161125
IS  - 1945-8932 (Electronic)
IS  - 1945-8932 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Nov-Dec
TI  - Markers of increased aeration in the paranasal sinuses and along the skull base: 
      association between anatomic variants.
PG  - 477-82
LID - 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4086 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: There may be substantial variation in paranasal sinus pneumatization 
      across patients and between right and left sides. Patients with extensive sinus 
      aeration, especially of the sphenoid sinus and along the skull base, often have 
      protrusion of critical structures into the pneumatized sinus cavities, which 
      potentially places these structures at risk during sinus surgery. OBJECTIVE: To 
      evaluate associations between anatomic markers of increased paranasal sinus 
      aeration along the skull base and to determine whether the presence of certain 
      markers predicts other critical anatomic variants. METHODS: Submillimeter axial 
      computed tomography (CT) scans and associated triplanar reconstructions from 100 
      subjects were reviewed for the presence of 22 anatomic variants by two separate 
      evaluators. Twelve of these variants were selected as markers of increased 
      pneumatization. Average numbers of markers were compared with t-tests; 
      associations between markers were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. The 
      Holm-Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple tests. RESULTS: Five 
      anatomic variants were associated with increased paranasal sinus pneumatization, 
      as defined by total number of markers of pneumatization: anterior ethmoid artery 
      below the skull base, dehiscent/protruding internal carotid artery (ICA), 
      dehiscent/protruding optic nerve (ON), pneumatized pterygoid recess, and middle 
      turbinate (MT) concha bullosa (all p < .02). Significant associations were found 
      between pneumatized pterygoid recesses and dehiscent or protruding ONs (odds 
      ratio [OR] 3.06, p = .0120), dehiscent or protruding ICAs (OR 6.64, p < .0001), 
      and anterior ethmoid arteries below the skull base (OR 2.65, p = .0189). 
      Significant association was also found between dehiscent or protruding ONs and 
      dehiscent or protruding ICAs (OR 3.57, p = .0047). CONCLUSION: The markers of 
      increased pneumatization and anatomic associations identified in this study have 
      important implications for surgeons planning and undertaking operative approaches 
      in and around the sinuses.
FAU - Rereddy, Shruthi K
AU  - Rereddy SK
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of 
      Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
FAU - Johnson, David M
AU  - Johnson DM
FAU - Wise, Sarah K
AU  - Wise SK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Rhinol Allergy
JT  - American journal of rhinology & allergy
JID - 101490775
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Carotid Arteries/*anatomy & histology
MH  - *Endoscopy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Optic Nerve/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Paranasal Sinuses/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/surgery
MH  - Pterygopalatine Fossa/*anatomy & histology
MH  - Skull Base/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
EDAT- 2014/12/17 06:00
MHDA- 2015/10/01 06:00
CRDT- 2014/12/17 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/12/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/10/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014 Nov-Dec;28(6):477-82. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4086.