PMID- 25528663 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160414 LR - 20181113 IS - 1745-6215 (Electronic) IS - 1745-6215 (Linking) VI - 15 DP - 2014 Dec 20 TI - Economic evaluation of the prophylaxis for thromboembolism in critical care trial (E-PROTECT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PG - 502 LID - 10.1186/1745-6215-15-502 [doi] LID - 502 AB - BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of critical illness with important clinical consequences. The Prophylaxis for ThromboEmbolism in Critical Care Trial (PROTECT) is a multicenter, blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of the two most common pharmocoprevention strategies, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) dalteparin, in medical-surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). E-PROTECT is a prospective and concurrent economic evaluation of the PROTECT trial. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary objective of E-PROTECT is to identify and quantify the total (direct and indirect, variable and fixed) costs associated with the management of critically ill patients participating in the PROTECT trial, and, to combine costs and outcome results to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of LMWH versus UFH, from the acute healthcare system perspective, over a data-rich time horizon of ICU admission and hospital admission. We derive baseline characteristics and probabilities of in-ICU and in-hospital events from all enrolled patients. Total costs are derived from centers, proportional to the numbers of patients enrolled in each country. Direct costs include medication, physician and other personnel costs, diagnostic radiology and laboratory testing, operative and non-operative procedures, costs associated with bleeding, transfusions and treatment-related complications. Indirect costs include ICU and hospital ward overhead costs. Outcomes are the ratio of incremental costs per incremental effects of LMWH versus UFH during hospitalization; incremental cost to prevent a thrombosis at any site (primary outcome); incremental cost to prevent a pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, major bleeding event or episode of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (secondary outcomes) and incremental cost per life-year gained (tertiary outcome). Pre-specified subgroups and sensitivity analyses will be performed and confidence intervals for the estimates of incremental cost-effectiveness will be obtained using bootstrapping. DISCUSSION: This economic evaluation employs a prospective costing methodology concurrent with a randomized controlled blinded clinical trial, with a pre-specified analytic plan, outcome measures, subgroup and sensitivity analyses. This economic evaluation has received only peer-reviewed funding and funders will not play a role in the generation, analysis or decision to submit the manuscripts for publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00182143 . Date of registration: 10 September 2005. FAU - Fowler, Robert A AU - Fowler RA AD - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D478, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. rob.fowler@sunnybrook.ca. FAU - Mittmann, Nicole AU - Mittmann N AD - Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic (HOPE) Research Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, E240, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. nicole.mittmann@sri.utoronto.ca. FAU - Geerts, William H AU - Geerts WH AD - Department of Medicine, Room D674, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Room D674, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. William.geerts@sunnybrook.ca. FAU - Heels-Ansdell, Diane AU - Heels-Ansdell D AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC-2C12, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. ansdell@mcmaster.ca. FAU - Gould, Michael K AU - Gould MK AD - Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA. Michael.K.Gould@kp.org. FAU - Guyatt, Gordon AU - Guyatt G AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC-2C12, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. guyatt@mcmaster.ca. FAU - Krahn, Murray AU - Krahn M AD - Department of Medicine, 144 College Street, Room 600, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada. murray.krahn@theta.utoronto.ca. FAU - Finfer, Simon AU - Finfer S AD - The George Institute for Global Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. sfinfer@georgeinstitute.org.au. FAU - Pinto, Ruxandra AU - Pinto R AD - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D478, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. ruxandra.pinto@sunnybrook.ca. FAU - Chan, Brian AU - Chan B AD - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada. chunfai.chan@mail.utoronto.ca. FAU - Ormanidhi, Orges AU - Ormanidhi O AD - Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, Leslie Dan Pharmacy Building, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada. orges.ormanidhi@gmail.com. FAU - Arabi, Yaseen AU - Arabi Y AD - Intensive Care Department, Medical Director, Respiratory Services, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, ICU 1425, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. yaseenarabi@yahoo.com. FAU - Qushmaq, Ismael AU - Qushmaq I AD - Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre-Gen. Org, PO Box 40047, Jeddah, 21499 MBC# J-46, Saudi Arabia. iqushmaq@kfshrc.edu.sa. FAU - Rocha, Marcelo G AU - Rocha MG AD - Department of Intensive Care, Hospitalar Santa Casa, Rua Professor Annes Dias, 295 - Centro Historico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90020-200, Brazil. m.garcia.rocha@gmail.com. FAU - Dodek, Peter AU - Dodek P AD - Division of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. peter.dodek@ubc.ca. AD - Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. peter.dodek@ubc.ca. FAU - McIntyre, Lauralyn AU - McIntyre L AD - Department of Medicine (Critical Care), Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Transfusion and Critical Care Research, 725 Parkdale Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada. lmcintyre@ottawahospital.on.ca. FAU - Hall, Richard AU - Hall R AD - Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, Pharmacology and Surgery, Dalhousie University and the Capital District Health Authority, Halifax NS, Room 5452-Halifax Infirmary, 1796 Summer St, Halifax, NS, B3H 3A7, Canada. R.I.Hall@dal.ca. FAU - Ferguson, Niall D AU - Ferguson ND AD - Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Medicine & Physiology, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. n.ferguson@utoronto.ca. AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. n.ferguson@utoronto.ca. FAU - Mehta, Sangeeta AU - Mehta S AD - Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada. Geeta.mehta@utoronto.ca. FAU - Marshall, John C AU - Marshall JC AD - Department of Surgery, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 4-007 Bond Wing, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. marshallj@smh.ca. FAU - Doig, Christopher James AU - Doig CJ AD - Department of Community Health Sciences, Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Attending Physician, Foothills Medical Centre Multisystem Intensive Care Unit, Alberta Health Services, University of Calgary, Room 3D39, Teaching Research and Wellness Building, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. cdoig@ucalgary.ca. FAU - Muscedere, John AU - Muscedere J AD - Department of Medicine, Angada 4 Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada. muscedej@KGH.KARI.NET. FAU - Jacka, Michael J AU - Jacka MJ AD - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada. mjacka@ualberta.ca. FAU - Klinger, James R AU - Klinger JR AD - Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Professor of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. James_klinger@brown.edu. FAU - Vlahakis, Nicholas AU - Vlahakis N AD - Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. n08v@ymail.com. FAU - Orford, Neil AU - Orford N AD - Intensive Care Barwon Health, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University School of Medicine, 99 Commercial Road, Geelong, VIC, 3004, Australia. neilo@barwonhealth.org.au. AD - Intensive Care Barwon Health, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. neilo@barwonhealth.org.au. FAU - Seppelt, Ian AU - Seppelt I AD - Critical Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Derby Street, Penrith, NSW, 2747, Australia. ian.seppelt@sydney.edu.au. FAU - Skrobik, Yoanna K AU - Skrobik YK AD - Critical Care Medicine, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Blvd. De l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada. skrobik@sympatico.ca. FAU - Sud, Sachin AU - Sud S AD - Department of Medicine, University Trillium Hospital, 100 Queensway West, Toronto, ON, L5B 1B8, Canada. Sachinsud@aol.com. FAU - Cade, John F AU - Cade JF AD - Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia. Jack.Cade@mh.org.au. FAU - Cooper, Jamie AU - Cooper J AD - ANZIC-RC Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University, The Alfred Centre Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. jamie.cooper@monash.edu. FAU - Cook, Deborah AU - Cook D AD - Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada. debcook@mcmaster.ca. CN - Canadian Critical Care Trials Group CN - Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group LA - eng SI - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00182143 GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20141220 PL - England TA - Trials JT - Trials JID - 101263253 RN - 0 (Anticoagulants) RN - 0 (Fibrinolytic Agents) RN - 9005-49-6 (Heparin) RN - S79O08V79F (Dalteparin) SB - IM MH - Anticoagulants/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*economics MH - Australia MH - Brazil MH - Clinical Protocols MH - Cost Savings MH - Cost-Benefit Analysis MH - Critical Care MH - Dalteparin/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*economics MH - *Drug Costs MH - Fibrinolytic Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*economics MH - Heparin/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*economics MH - *Hospital Costs MH - Humans MH - Models, Economic MH - North America MH - Prospective Studies MH - Quality-Adjusted Life Years MH - Research Design MH - Saudi Arabia MH - Time Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Venous Thromboembolism/diagnosis/*economics/etiology/*prevention & control PMC - PMC4413997 EDAT- 2014/12/22 06:00 MHDA- 2016/04/15 06:00 PMCR- 2014/12/20 CRDT- 2014/12/22 06:00 PHST- 2014/01/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/11/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/12/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/12/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/04/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2014/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1745-6215-15-502 [pii] AID - 2417 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1745-6215-15-502 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Trials. 2014 Dec 20;15:502. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-502.